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1、第7章细胞通讯与信号转导7.1细胞通讯7.2细胞信号分子与受体7.3细胞内受体介导信号转导7.4细胞表面受体介导穿膜信号转导7.5细胞表面整合素介导的信号转导7.6信号转导的基本特征与蛋白激酶的网络信息整合7.1细胞通讯7.1.1细胞通讯(Cellcommunication)7.1.2信号通路(Signalingpathway)7.1.1细胞通讯细胞通讯也称细胞信号传递,典型的细胞通讯关系到通讯细胞产生的信号分子被靶细胞检出,该细胞对信号分子发生特异性应答.细胞通讯影响到细胞结构和功能的各个领域.细胞通讯的方式分泌化学信号的通讯,即化学通讯(ch
2、emicalsignaling)内分泌(endocrine)旁分泌(paracrine)自分泌(autocrine)化学突触(chemicalsynapse)Cellcommunicationstyles接触依赖性的通讯(contactdependentsignaling)通过细胞与细胞直接接触传递信号的通信.电偶联(Electricalcouplingpathway)是一种间隙连接(gapjunctions).Figure7-2Contact-dependentsignalingcontrolsnerve-cellproduction
3、.7.1.2信号通路●信号通路(signalingpathway)●信息流(Flowofinformation)7.2信号分子与受体●信号分子(signalmolecule)亲脂性(hydrophobic)信号分子亲水性(hydrophilic)信号分子气体性(gasiform)信号分子(如NO)●受体(receptor)多为糖蛋白●第二信使(secondmessenger)cAMP,cGMP,IP3(三磷酸肌醇)，DAG(二酰基甘油),Ca2+●分子开关(molecularswitches)Table7-1:Someexamplesofsi
4、gnalmoleculesSIGNALMOLECULESITEOFORIGINCHEMICALNATURESOMEACTIONSHormonesAdrenalineadrenalglandderivativeoftheaminoacidtyrosineincreasesbloodpressure,heartrate,andmetabolism(epinephrine)Cortisoladrenalglandsteroid(derivativeofcholesterol)affectsmetabolismofproteins,carbohydrate
5、s,andlipidsinmosttissuesEstradiolovarysteroid(derivativeofcholesterol)inducesandmaintainssecondaryfemalesexualcharacteristicsGlucagonαcellsofpancreaspeptidestimulatesglucosesynthesis,glycogenbreakdown,andlipidbreakdown,e.g.,inliverandfatcellsInsulinβcellsofpancreasproteinstimu
6、latesglucoseuptake,proteinsynthesis,e.g.,inlivercellsTesosteronetestissteroid(derivativeofcholesterol)inducesandmaintainssecondarymalesexualcharacteristicsThyroidhormone(thyroxine)thyroidglandderivativeoftheaminoacidtyrosinestimulatesmetabolismofmanycelltypesLocalMediatorsEpid
7、ermalgrowthfactor(EGF)variouscellsproteinstimulatesepidermalandmanyothercelltypestoproliferatePlatelet-drivedgrowthfactor(PDGF)variouscells,includingbloodplateletsproteinstimulatesmanycelltypestoproliferateNervegrowthfactor(NGF)variousinnervatedtissuesproteinpromotessurvivalof
8、certainclassesofneurons;promotesgrowthoftheiraxonsTransformin
