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1、AmericanLiterature:Lecture8Modernism(1914-1945)退出AmericanLiterature(I)Autumn2008ObjectivesToenabletheSstogetageneralideaaboutAmericanModernism;ToenabletheSstogetintouchwithsomeimportantmodernpoetssuchasRobertFrostandEzraPound;美国文学TeachingMaterialsRobertLe
2、eFrost“ThePasture”“TheRoadNotTaken”“StoppingbytheWoodsonaSnowyEvening”EzraPound“InaStationoftheMetro”“APact”“Salutation”“TheGarden”美国文学PartIAnIntroductiontoAmericanModernism美国文学I.ReasonsforthecomingofAmericanmodernismI.CharlesDarwin’sTheOriginofSpecies(18
3、59)radicallyalteredthenineteenthcenturyromanticviewthatnature,especiallyhumannature,wasbenign.HerbertSpencerandthe"GospelofWealth"orSocialDarwinism:reconciledindividualismwithcapitalismbysuggestingthattheinterestsofeachcitizenaswellastheinterestsofthestat
4、eareservedbyfreeeconomicexpansion.TheworkofMarx,andFreud,aswellasothergreatintellectualexplorersandrebelshadmountedanassaultagainstorthodoxreligiousfaiththatlastedintothetwentiethcentury.WorldWarIinparticulardeepeneddoubtandreauthorizeddisillusionment.Ano
5、thersourceofdisillusionmentwastherapidtransformationofAmericansocietythatacceleratedwithWorldWarI.美国文学IIMajorFeaturesofModernismModernismisaculturalmovementthatgenerallyincludestheprogressiveartandarchitecture,design,literature,music,dance,paintingandothe
6、rvisualartswhichemergedinthebeginningofthe20thcentury,particularlyintheyearsfollowingWorldWarI.Itwasamovementofartistsanddesignerswhorebelledagainstlate19thcenturyacademicandhistoricisttradition,andembracedtheneweconomic,socialandpoliticalaspectsoftheemer
7、gingmodernworld.Theavant-gardemovementsthatfollowed-includingImpressionism,Post-Impressionism,Cubism,Futurism,Expressionism,ConstructivismandAbstractExpressionism-aregenerallydefinedasModernist.美国文学IIMajorFeaturesofModernismModernisminliteratureisnoteasil
8、ysummarized,butthekeyelementsareexperimentation,anti-realism,individualismandastressonthecerebralratherthanemotiveaspects.TheworkofModernistwritersischaracterizedbyshowingthedisenchantment,dislocation,andalienationo
