2、e + 及物动词的过去分词”构成。助动词be 有时态、人称和数的变化。 (1) 一般现在时：am/is/are +过去分词。如： Rice is grown in south China. 华南种植水稻。(2) 一般过去时：was/were+过去分词。如： The glass was broken yesterday. 这块玻璃是昨天打烂的。 (3) 现在进行时：am/is/are being +过去分词。如： The project is being carried out. 这个计划正在执行中。 (4) 过去进行时：was/w
3、ere/being +过去分词。如： This road was being built this time last year. 这条路去年这个时候还在修建。 (5) 一般将来时：will be +过去分词。如： The cars will be sent abroad by sea. 这些汽车将由水路运往国外。 (6) 过去将来时：would be +过去分词。如： The manager said the project would be pleted by the end of the year. 经理说这个工程在年底前将
4、会完成。 (7) 现在完成时：have/has been +过去分词。如： This novel has been translated into several languages.这本小说已被译成了几种语言。 (8) 过去完在时：had been +过去分词。如： When I got to the theatre, I found the tickets had already been sold out. 我到达剧院时，发现票已卖完了。 2.被动语态的主要用法： ■当不知道或没有必要指出动作的执行者时，常用被动语态，这时往
5、往不用by短语。 、如：The front window in the classroom was broken yesterday. 昨天，教室的前窗被打破了。(不知谁打破的) They have been poorly paid. 他们的工资太低。(没必要指出工资是谁付的) ■突出或强调动作的承受者，如果需要说出动作的执行者，用by短语。 如：The time-table has been changed. 时间表已变动了。(要突出的是“时间”) ■为了使语言得体或圆滑等不愿意说出动作的执行者。如： You are re
6、quested to make a speech at next meeting. 请您在下次会议上作个发言。 ■出于修辞的原因，或是说为了更好地安排句子。如： It is generally considered impolite to ask one’s age, salary, marriage, etc. . 问别人的年龄、工资、婚姻状况等通常被认为是不礼貌的。 3.主动语态变被动语态的方法： 将主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语，将主动谓语变为被动谓语(be+过去分词)，将主动语态的主语变为by短语(在被动句中用作状语)：
7、 He stole our money.→Our money was stolen by him. 【注】(1)若不强调动词执行者，被动语态中的by短语通常可以省略： The house was built in 1978. 这座房子是1978年建的。(2) 在转变语态时，要注意保持两种语态时态的一致性： The students will study the problem. →The problem will be studied by the students. Ourfriendsare repairing the roo
8、f. →The roof is being repaired by ourfriends. 4. 双宾动词的被动语态 双宾动词即指带双宾语的动词，它们在变为被动语态时，有以下两种情形值得注意： (1) 有些双宾动词(如buy, give, leav
