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1、ProverbArtislong,lifeisshort.Don’tclimbatreetolookforfish.生有涯,而知无涯。不可缘木求鱼。Theelementsofsentence句子成分简析2008年9月5日↓主语↓谓语↓定语↓宾语↓状语1.Imetmybestfriendatthestationyesterday.句子成分主语(subject)、谓语(predicate)、表语(predicative)、宾语(object)、定语(attribute)、状语(adverbial)补语(complement)。
2、谓语是句子成立的充分且必要的条件.主语主语是一个句子所叙述的主体,一般位于句首。主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。One-thirdofthestudentsinthisclassaregirls.(数词)*Toswimintheriverisagreatpleasure.(不定式)*Smokingdoesharmtothehealth.(动名词)Therichshouldhelpthepoor.(名词化的形容词)*WhenwearegoingtohaveanEnglishtesth
3、asnotbeendecided.(主语从句)谓语谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。动词或动词词组在句中作谓语,一般放在主语之后。简单谓语:由动词或动词词组组成Isawtheflagonthetopofthehill?Helookedaftertwoorphans.复合谓语由情态动词或助动词+动词;HecanspeakEnglishwell.表语在系动词后的部分就是表语常见的系动词有:be(am,is,are,were,was)feel,smell,taste,soundbecome,grow,turn,fall,
4、come,go,get,etc.keep,remain,stayappear,look,seemprove,turnout系动词不用于被动语态.*Theappletastessweet.Theyseemtoknowthetruth.Timeisprecious.I’mnotquitemyselftoday.Heisoutofcondition.ThebookiswhatIneed.宾语宾语分为直接宾语和间接宾语.直接宾语指物,间接宾语指人.宾语表示动作的对象或承受者,一般位于及物动词和介词后面Hegavemesomeboo
5、ks.↓间接宾语↓直接宾语●Pleasepassmethebook.●Heboughtmesomeflowers.●Ilikemyjob.●Iloveyou.●Hewantedtoleavehere.(不定式短语)●Theyenjoyedplayingcomputergames.(动名词短语)Ithink*(that)heisfitforhisoffice.(宾语从句)复合宾语(宾语+宾补)例如:Theyelectedhimtheirmonitor.宾语补足语:宾语与其补足语有逻辑上的主谓关系,它们一起构成复合宾语。Hi
6、sfathernamedhimDongming.(名词)Theypaintedtheirboatwhite.(形容词Wefoundeverythinginthelabingoodorder.(介词短语)Wewillsoonmakeourcitywhatyourcityisnow.(从句)定语:常用“…的”表示修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语.Guilinisabeautifulcity.(形容词)Chinaisadevelopingcountry;Americaisadevelopedcountry.(分词)Ther
7、earethirtywomenteachersinourschool.(名词)HeisreadinganarticleabouthowtolearnEnglish.(介词短语)状语修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子,说明动作或状态特征的句子成分,叫做状语.可表示时间,地点,原因,结果,目的,方式,伴随,条件,程度,让步,频率.Ishallgothereifitdoesn’train.(条件状语)Sheworksveryhardthoughsheisold.(让步状语)Exercises1.Theyshowedhimapict
8、ure.↓直接宾语↓间接宾语↓谓语↓主语2.TheycallhimKekesometimes.↓主语↓谓语↓宾语↓宾语补足语↓状语Theoldmansittingatthegatesaidhewasill.↓主语↓定语↓谓语↓宾语Thetallboyoftengoestothebigzoo.↓主语↓定语