Black_English_in_America[1].ppt1

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1、BlackEnglish2011200187外国语言学及应用语言学outlineDefinitionOriginCharacteristicsCasestudyConclusionWhatisstandardEnglish?StandardEnglish(oftenshortenedtoS.E.)referstowhateverformoftheEnglishlanguageisacceptedasanationalnorm.StandardAmericanEnglish(SAE),alsoknownasGeneralAmerican,isamajoraccentofAm

2、ericanEnglish.ANortheastBSouthernCMidwesternDWestWhatisBlackEnglish?BlackEnglish,alsoknownasAfrican—AmericanVernacularEnglish(AAVE),isthevernacularmostAfricanAmericansusewithfriendsandcolleaguesinavarietyofsocialsettings．BlackEnglishisthelanguageofblackAmericans.Butnotall36millionAfricanA

3、mericanschoosetospeakblackEnglish,especiallytheeducatedmiddleandupperincomeblacks.BlackEnglishusuallyreferstotheeverydayspokenvarietiesofEnglishusedbytheworkingclassinurbanneighborhoodsorruralcommunities.OriginThefirstblacksweretransportedasslavestoVirginiaofNorthAmericain1619.Slaveowners

4、deliberatelychoseslavesfromdifferentlanguagebackgroundstodiscouragerebellion.SuchcircumstancesfosteredthedevelopmentofEnglish-basedpidgins.pidgin,orpidginlanguage,isasimplifiedlanguagethatdevelopsasameansofcommunicationbetweentwoormoregroupsthatdonothavealanguageincommon.WhenthiskindofEng

5、lish-basedpidginisgraduallyacquiredbytheiroffspringasafirstlanguageormothertongue,blackEnglishbecomesCreole.Nowadays,AfricanAmericansaccountfor12%ofthepopulationintheUSA,withthenumberofmorethan20,000,000.SoBlackEnglishistakingamoredeepinfluenceinthedevelopmentofAmerica.CharacteristicsPhon

6、ologyandMorphologyTheFormofPluralNegativesAgreementDoyouknowtheseBE?BE:“Deyiswhitefolks.”BE:“ButI’spickin’demforMissyEva.”BE:“Iain’tcryin’–it’sjesmyweakeyes.”BE;“Ican’tdonothingwithladiesindekitchen!”BE:“Now,thereain’tnobodytoloveme,nomo.”1.PhonologyandMorphology1,thepronunciationof“th”/θ

7、/-/t/month,thug[ð]-[d]they,this2,er-----aNigger-niggaplayer-playa3,Ks,cks-----xThanks-thanx,checks-chex4,se,s--------zCause-cuz5,goingto-----gonna,wantto-----wanna6,nothing-----nothin,crying------cryin2.TheFormofPlural(1)nosuffix“s”or“es”“sevenyearago”,“twocupofcoff