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1、PARTⅤ TWENTIETH-CENTURYLITERATURE1914-nowadaysThehistoricalandsocio-culturalbackgroundoftheAmericanliteraturebetweenthetwoWorldWars:(1)ThetwoWorldWars(2)Marxism(3)Freudianism(4)Europeanmodernart(5)TheexpatriatemovementThehistoricalandsocio-culturalbackgroundoftheAmericanliteratureaft
2、ertheWorldWarⅡ:thedroppingofanatomicbomboverHiroshimainJapantheColdWartheKoreanWartheVietnamWarTheassassinationofJohnF.Kennedy,andofMartinLutherKingtheWater-GatescandalAmericanliteraturebetweenthetwoworldwarsTheImagistMovementLedbytheAmericanpoetEzraPound,ImagistMovementisapoeticmove
3、mentthatflourishedintheU.S.andEnglandbetween1909-1917.ItadvancesmodernisminartswhichconcentratesonreformingthemediumofpoetryasopposedtoRomanticism,especiallyTennyson'sworldlinessandhigh-flownlanguageinpoetry.PoundendorsedthreemainprinciplesasguidelinesforImagism,includingdirecttreatm
4、entofpoeticsubjects,eliminationofmerelyornamentalorsuperfluouswords,andrhythmicalcompositionshouldbecomposedwiththephrasingofmusic,notametronome.TheprimaryImagistobjectiveistoavoidrhetoricandmoralizing,tostickcloselytotheobjectorexperiencebeingdescribed,andtomovefromexplicitgeneraliz
5、ation.TheleadingpoetsareEzraPound,WallaceStevens,D.H.Lawrence,etc.theartisticcharacteristicsofimagistpoemsThecharacteristicproductsofthemovementaremoreeasilyrecognizedthanitstheoriesdefined;theytendtobeshort,composedofshortlinesofmusicalcadenceratherthanmetricalregularity,toavoidabst
6、raction,andtotreattheimagewithahard,clearprecisionratherthanwithovertsymbolicintent.TheinfluenceofJapaneseforms,tankaandhaiku,isobviousinmany.Mostoftheimagistpoetswroteinfreeverseandtheyliketoemplycommonspeech.Theystressedthefreedominthechoiceofsubjectmatterandform.TheLostGenerationI
7、trefersto,ingeneral,thepost-WorldWarⅠgeneration,butspecificallyagroupofexpatriatedisillusionedintellectualsandartists,whoexperimentedonnewmodesofthoughtandexpressionbyrebellingagainstformeridealsandvaluesandreplacingthemonlybydespairoracynicalhedonism.TheremarkofGertrudeStein,"Youare
8、allalostgene
