资源描述：
《货币银行学 复习材料》由会员上传分享，免费在线阅读，更多相关内容在行业资料-天天文库。
1、AnIntroductiontoMoneyandtheFinancialSystemThismorning,atypicalAmericancollegestudentboughtcoffeeatthelocalcafé,payingforitwithanATMcard.Thenshejumpedintohercar,onwhichshecarriesaccidentinsurance,anddrovetotheuniversity,whichshecanaffordtoattendthankstoherstudentloan.Shemayhaveleftherparents'home
2、,whichismortgaged,afewminutesearlytoavoidconstructionworkonanewdormitory,paidforbybondsissuedbytheuniversity.Orperhapssheneededtostopatthebookstoretopurchasethisbook,usinghercreditcard,beforeherfirstmoneyandbankingclassbegan.Beneaththesurface,eachfinancialtransactionmentionedinthisstory—eventhes
3、eeminglysimpleones—isquitecomplicated.Ifthecaféownerandthestudentusedifferentbanks,payingforthecoffeewillrequireaninterbankfundstransfer.Thecompanythatinsuresthestudent'scarhastoinvestthepremiumsshepaysuntiltheyareneededtopayoffclaims.Thestudent'sparentsalmostsurelyobtainedtheirhomemortgagethrou
4、ghamortgagebroker,whosejobwastofindthemortgagethatofferedthebestinterestrate.Andthebondstheuniversityissuedtofinanceconstructionofthenewdormitorywerecreatedwiththeaidofaninvestmentbank.Thisbriefexamplehintsatthecomplexwebofinterdependentinstitutionsandmarketsthatunderliesthefinancialtransactions
5、weengageineveryday.Thesystemissolarge,soefficient,andgenerallyspeakingsowellrunthatmostofusrarelytakenoteofit.Butafinancialsystemislikeairtoaneconomy:Ifitdisappearedsuddenly,everythingwouldgrindtoahalt.Let'stakeacloserlookatthissystem.GlossaryCentralbank Thefinancialinstitutionthatmanagesthegov
6、ernment'sfinances,controlstheavailabilityofmoneyandcreditintheeconomy,andservesasthebanktocommercialbanks.EuropeanCentralBank(ECB) Thecentralauthority,locatedinFrankfurt,Germany,whichoverseesmonetarypolicyinthecommoncurrencyarea.FederalReserveSystem Thecentralbankresponsibleformonetarypolicyin
7、theUnitedStates.Financialinstitutions Firms,suchasbanksandinsurancecompanies,thatprovideaccesstothefinancialmarkets,bothtosaverswhowishtopurchasefinancialinstrumentsdirectlyandtoborrowerswhowanttoissuethem;alsoknownasfinanc
