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C1人物传记类C1[2016·江苏卷]DNotsolongago,mostpeopledidn'tknowwhoShellyAnnFraserPrycewasgoingtobecome.Shewasjustanaveragehighschoolathlete.TherewaseveryindicationthatshewasjustanotherJamaicanteenagerwithoutmuchofafuture.However,onepersonwantedtochangethis.StephenFrancisobservedtheneighteenyearoldShellyAnnatatrackmeetandwasconvincedthathehadseenthebeginningsoftruegreatness.Hertimeswerenotexactlyimpressive,butevenso,hesensedtherewassomethingtryingtogetout,somethingtheothercoacheshadoverlookedwhentheyhadassessedherandfoundherlacking.HedecidedtoofferShellyAnnaplaceinhisverystricttrainingsessions.Theircooperationquicklyproducedresults,andafewyearslateratJamaica'sOlympictrialsinearly2008,ShellyAnn,whoatthattimeonlyrankednumber70intheworld,beatJamaica'sunchallengedqueenofthesprint(短跑)．“Wheredidshecomefrom？”askedanastonishedsprintingworld,beforeconcludingthatshemustbeoneofthoseonehitwondersthatspringupfromtimetotime,onlytodisappearagainwithoutsigns.ButShellyAnnwastoprovethatshewasanythingbutaonehitwonder.AttheBeijingOlympicsshesweptawayanydoubtsaboutherabilitytoperformconsistentlybybecomingthefirstJamaicanwomanevertowinthe100metresOlympicgold.ShediditagainoneyearonattheWorldChampionshipsinBerlin,becomingworldchampionwithatimeof10.73—thefourthfastesttimeever.ShellyAnnisalittlewomanwithabigsmile.Shehasamentaltoughnessthatdidnotcomeaboutbychance.Herjourneytobecomingthefastestwomanonearthhasbeenanythingbutsmoothandeffortless.ShegrewupinoneofJamaica'stoughestinnercitycommunitiesknownasWaterhouse,whereshelivedinaoneroomapartment,sleepingfourinabedwithhermotherandtwobrothers.Waterhouse,oneofthepoorestcommunitiesinJamaica,isareallyviolentandoverpopulatedplace.SeveralofShellyAnn'sfriendsandfamilywerecaughtupinthekillings;oneofhercousinswasshotdeadonlyafewstreetsawayfromwhereshelived.Sometimesherfamilydidn'thaveenoughtoeat.Sheranattheschoolchampionshipsbarefootedbecauseshecouldn'taffordshoes.HermotherMaxime,oneofafamilyoffourteen,hadbeenanathleteherselfasayounggirlbut,likesomanyothergirlsinWaterhouse,hadtostopaftershehadherfirstbaby.Maxime'searlyentryintotheadultworldwithitsresponsibilitiesgaveherthedeterminationtoensurethatherkidswouldnotendupinWaterhouse'sroundaboutofpoverty.OneofthefirstthingsMaximeusedtodowithShellyAnnwastakinghertothetrack,andshewasreadytosacrificeeverything.Itdidn'ttakelongforShellyAnntorealizethatsportscouldbeherwayoutofWaterhouse.OnasummereveninginBeijingin2008,allthoselong,hardhoursofworkandcommitmentfinallyborefruit.Thebarefootkidwhojustafewyearspreviouslyhadbeenlivinginpoverty,surroundedbycriminalsandviolence,hadwrittenanewchapterinthehistoryofsports.ButShellyAnn'svictorywasfargreaterthanthat.ThenightshewonOlympicgoldinBeijing,theroutinemurdersinWaterhouseandthedrugwarsintheneighbouringstreetsstopped.Thedarkcloudaboveoneoftheworld'stoughestcriminalneighbourhoodssimplydisappearedforafewdays.“Ihavesomuchfireburningformycountry,”Shellysaid.SheplanstostartafoundationforhomelesschildrenandwantstobuildacommunitycentreinWaterhouse.ShehopestoinspiretheJamaicanstolaydowntheirweapons.Sheintendstofighttomakeita woman'saswellasaman'sworld.AsMuhammadAliputsit,“Championsaren'tmadeingyms.Championsaremadefromsomethingtheyhavedeepinsidethem.Adesire,adream,avision.”OneofthethingsShellyAnncanbeproudofisherunderstandingofthistruth.65．WhydidStephenFrancisdecidetocoachShellyAnn?A.Hehadastrongdesiretofreeherfamilyfromtrouble.B.Hesensedagreatpotentialinherdespiteherweaknesses.C.Shehadbigproblemsmaintainingherperformance.D.Shesufferedalotofdefeatsattheprevioustrackmeets.66．WhatdidthesprintingworldthinkofShellyAnnbeforethe2008OlympicGames?A.Shewouldbecomeapromisingstar.B.Shebadlyneededtosethighergoals.C.Hersprintingcareerwouldnotlastlong.D.Hertalentforsprintingwasknowntoall.67．WhatmadeMaximedecidetotrainherdaughteronthetrack?A.Hersuccessandlessonsinhercareer.B.HerinterestinShellyAnn'squickprofit.C.HerwishtogetShellyAnnoutofpoverty.D.Herearlyentranceintothesprintingworld.68．WhatcanweinferfromShellyAnn'sstatementunderlinedinParagraph5?A.Shewashighlyrewardedforherefforts.B.Shewaseagertodomoreforhercountry.C.Shebecameanathleticstarinhercountry.D.Shewastheenvyofthewholecommunity.69．BymentioningMuhammadAli'swords,theauthorintendstotellusthat________．A.playersshouldbehighlyinspiredbycoachesB.greatathletesneedtoconcentrateonpatienceC.hardworkisnecessaryinone'sachievementsD.motivationallowsgreatathletestobeonthetop70．Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?A.ThemakingofagreatathleteB.ThedreamforchampionshipC.ThekeytohighperformanceD.Thepoweroffullresponsibility【要点综述】本文为记叙文,主要叙述了牙买加的一名女运动员ShellyAnnFraserPryce的励志故事.65.B 细节理解题.根据第一段中的“StephenFrancisobservedtheneighteenyearoldShellyAnnatatrackmeetandwasconvincedthathehadseenthebeginningsoftruegreatness.Hertimeswerenotexactlyimpressive,butevenso,hesensedtherewassomethingtryingtogetout,somethingtheothercoacheshadoverlookedwhentheyhadassessedherandfoundherlacking.”可知,在其他教练认为ShellyAnn不具备优秀运动员的特质时,StephenFrancis却确信她有极大的潜力,故选B项.66.C 细节理解题.根据第二段第一句“…beforeconcludingthatshemustbeoneofthoseonehitwondersthatspringupfromtimetotime,onlytodisappearagainwithoutsigns.”可知, 外界不看好她,认为她是昙花一现,认为她的短跑生涯不会长久,故选C项.67.C 细节理解题.根据第三段最后两句“Maxime'searlyentryintotheadultworldwithitsresponsibilitiesgaveherthedeterminationtoensurethatherkidswouldnotendupinWaterhouse'sroundaboutofpoverty.OneofthefirstthingsMaximeusedtodowithShellyAnnwastakinghertothetrack,andshewasreadytosacrificeeverything.”可知,ShellyAnn的母亲Maxime因为家庭贫穷而下定决心训练女儿在田径方面的能力,从而能摆脱贫穷,故选C项.68.B 推理判断题.根据倒数第二段的第二句和第三句“ThenightshewonOlympicgoldinBeijing,theroutinemurdersinWaterhouseandthedrugwarsintheneighbouringstreetsstopped.Thedarkcloudaboveoneoftheworld'stoughestcriminalneighbourhoodssimplydisappearedforafewdays.”可知,她在北京获得金牌这件事使得她所处的社区的谋杀和毒品战消停了,她决定为无家可归的孩子设立基金并建立社区中心,她希望牙买加人放下武器,并希望为妇女维权,即她是为了自己的国家而贡献力量,故选B项.69.D 推理判断题.根据最后一段中的“…‘Championsaren'tmadeingyms.Championsaremadefromsomethingtheyhavedeepinsidethem.Adesire,adream,avision.’”可知,冠军是来自于人们内心深处的渴望,所以内心的激励才能成就一个优秀的人,故选D项.70.A 主旨大意题.本文主要叙述了牙买加的一位女运动员ShellyAnnFraserPryce的励志故事,所以本文是关于一个伟大的运动员获得成功的故事,故选A项.C1[2016·全国卷Ⅰ]AYouprobablyknowwhoMarieCuriewas,butyoumaynothaveheardofRachelCarson.Oftheoutstandingladieslistedbelow,whodoyouthinkwasthemostimportantwomanofthepast100years?JaneAddams(1860—1935)AnyonewhohaseverbeenhelpedbyasocialworkerhasJaneAddamstothank.Addamshelpedthepoorandworkedforpeace.Sheencouragedasenseofcommunity(社区)bycreatingsheltersandpromotingeducationandservicesforpeopleinneed.In1931,AddamsbecamethefirstAmericanwomantowintheNobelPeacePrize.RachelCarson(1907—1964)Ifitweren'tforRachelCarson,theenvironmentalmovementmightnotexisttoday.Herpopular1962bookSilentSpringraisedawarenessofthedangersofpollutionandtheharmfuleffectsofchemicalsonhumansandontheworld'slakesandoceans.SandraDayO'Connor(1930—present)WhenSandraDayO'ConnorfinishedthirdinherclassatStanfordLawSchool,in1952,shecouldnotfindworkatalawfirmbecauseshewasawoman.ShebecameanArizonastatesenator(参议员)and,in1981,thefirstwomantojointheUSSupremeCourt.O'Connorgavethedecidingvoteinmanyimportantcasesduringher24yearsonthetopcourt.RosaParks(1913—2005)OnDecember1,1955,inMontgomery,Alabama,RosaParkswouldnotgiveupherseatonabustoawhitepassenger.HersimpleactlandedParksinprison.ButitalsosetofftheMontgomerybusboycott.Itlastedformorethanayear,andkickedoffthecivilrightsmovement.“TheonlytiredIwas,wastiredofgivingin,”saidParks.21.WhatisJaneAddamsnotedforinhistory?A．Hersocialwork.B．Herteachingskills. C．Hereffortstowinaprize.D．Hercommunitybackground.22.WhatwasthereasonforO'Connor'sbeingrejectedbythelawfirm?A．Herlackofpropertraininginlaw.B．Herlittleworkexperienceincourt.C．Thediscriminationagainstwomen.D．Thepoorfinancialconditions.23.WhomadeagreatcontributiontothecivilrightsmovementintheUS?A．JaneAddams.B．RachelCarson.C．SandraDayO'Connor.D．RosaParks.24.Whatcanweinferaboutthewomenmentionedinthetext?A．Theyarehighlyeducated.B．Theyaretrulycreative.C．Theyarepioneers.D．Theyarepeacelovers.【要点综述】本文是一篇说明文.作者主要介绍了四位著名的女性的基本情况.21．A 细节理解题.根据文章中的“AnyonewhohaseverbeenhelpedbyasocialworkerhasJaneAddamstothank.Addamshelpedthepoorandworkedforpeace.Sheencouragedasenseofcommunity(社区)bycreatingsheltersandpromotingeducationandservicesforpeopleinneed.”可知,她是一位社会工作者,因为她所做的社会工作而获得诺贝尔和平奖.故选A.22．C 细节理解题.根据文章第四段中“…shecouldnotfindworkatalawfirmbecauseshewasawoman.”可知,她因为是女性而被法律公司拒绝录用.故选C.23．D 细节理解题.根据最后一段倒数第二句“…andkickedoffthecivilrightsmovement.”可知,RosaParks为民权运动做出了贡献.故选D.24．C 推理判断题.根据文章对这几个人物的介绍可知,这些女性都是在各自的领域为社会做出贡献的先驱.故选C.C2故事类C2[2016·浙江卷]DTwothingschangedmylife:mymotherandawhiteplasticbikebasket.Ihavethoughtlongandhardaboutitandit'strue.Iwouldbeadifferentpersonifmymumhadn'tturnedasillybicycleaccessoryintoalifelessonIcarrywithmetoday.Mymotherandfatherwereunitedintheirwayofraisingchildren,butitmostlyfelltomymothertoactuallycarryitout.Lookingback,Ihonestlydon'tknowhowshedidit.Managingthefamilybudgetmusthavebeenaveryhardtask,butshemadeitlookeffortless.Ifwecomplainedaboutnothavingwhatanotherkiddid,we'dhearsomethinglike,“Idon'tcarewhatsoandsogotforhisbirthday,youarenotgettingaTVinyourroom/acarforyourbirthday/alavishsweet16party.”Wehadtoearnourallowance(零用钱)bydoingchoresaroundthehouse.Icanstillrememberhowlongittooktopolishthelegsofourcoffeetable.Mybrotherscannodoubtrememberhoursspentcleaningthehouse.LikethetwolittlegirlsgrowingupattheWhiteHouse,wemadeourownbeds(nooneleftthehouseuntilthatwasdone)andpickedupafterourselves.Wehadtokeeptrackofourbelongings,andifsomethingwaslost,itwasnotreplaced.Itwassummerand,oneday,mymotherdrovemetothebikeshoptogetatirefixed—andthereitwasinthewindow.White,shiny,plasticanddecoratedwithflowers,thebasketwinkedat meandIknew—Iknew—Ihadtohaveit.“It'sbeautiful,”mymothersaidwhenIpointeditouttoher.“Whataneatbasket.”Itriedtoholdoffatfirst.Iplayeditcoolforashortwhile.ButthenIguessIcouldn'tstanditanylonger：“Mum,pleasecanIplease,pleasegetit?I'lldoextrachoresforaslongasyousay.I'lldoanything,butIneedthatbasket.Ilovethatbasket.Please,Mum.Please？”Iwasdesperate.“Youknow,”shesaid,gentlyrubbingmybackwhilewebothstaredatwhatIbelievedwasthecoolestthingever,“Ifyousaveupyoucouldbuythisyourself.”“BythetimeImakeenoughit'llbegone！”“MaybeRogerherecouldholditforyou,”shesmiledatRoger,thebikeguy.“Hecan'tholditforthatlong,Mum.Someoneelsewillbuyit.Please,Mum,please？”“Theremightbeanotherway,”shesaid.Andsoourpayingplanunfolded.MymotherboughtthebeautifulbasketandputitsafelyinsomehidingplaceIcouldn'tfind.EachweekIeagerlycountedmygrowingsavingsincreasedbyextraworkhereandthere(washingthecar,helpingmymothermakedinner,deliveringorcollectingthingsonmybikethatalreadylookednakedwithoutthebasketinfront)．Andthen,weekslater,Icounted,recountedandjumpedforjoy.Oh,happyday!Imadeit!Ifinallyhadtheexactamountwe'dagreedupon…Dayslatertheunthinkablehappened.AneighbourhoodgirlI'dplayedwithmillionsoftimesappearedwiththeexactsamebasketfixedtohershiny,newbikethatalreadyhadallthebellsandwhistles.Irodehardandfasthometotellmymotheraboutthisdisaster.Thishorribleturnofevents.AndthencamethelessonI'vetakenwithmethroughmylife：“Honey,yourbasketisextraspecial,”Mumsaid,gentlywipingawaymyhottears.“Yourbasketisspecialbecauseyoupaidforityourself.”55．Whatcanwelearnfromthefirsttwoparagraphs?A.Thechildrenenjoyeddoinghousework.B．Theauthorcamefromawellofffamily.C.Themotherraisedherchildreninanunusualway.D．ThechildrenwerefondoftheUSpresident'sdaughters.56．Whentheauthorsawthebasketinthewindow,she________．A.fellinlovewithitB.staredathermotherC.recognizeditatonceD．wentuptothebikeguy57．Whydidtheauthorsaymany“pleases”tohermother?A.Shelongedtodoextrawork.B.Shewaseagertohavethebasket.C．Shefelttiredafterstandingtoolong.D．Shewantedtobepolitetohermother.58．Byusing“naked”(Paragraph12),theauthorseemstostressthatthebasketwas________.A．somethingshecouldaffordB．somethingimportanttoherC．somethingimpossibletogetD．somethingshecoulddowithout 59．Totheauthor,itseemedtobeahorribleturnofeventsthat________．A.somethingspoiledherpayingplanB.thebasketcostmorethanshehadsavedC．aneighbourhoodgirlhadboughtanewbikeD．someoneelsehadgotabasketofthesamekind60．Whatisthelifelessontheauthorlearnedfromhermother?A.Savemoneyforarainyday.B.Goodadviceisbeyondallprice.C.Earnyourbreadwithyoursweat.D.Godhelpsthosewhohelpthemselves.【要点综述】这是一篇富有哲理的文章.作者小时候家里管教甚严,母亲不轻易给子女买东西.有一天,作者爱上了一个塑料自行车篮,但母亲没有直接买给她,而是让她靠自己的双手努力赚得买自行车篮的费用.这件事情深深地震撼了作者,也让她铭记一生,懂得了用勤劳的双手去创造属于自己的财富.55.C 推理判断题.从文章前面两段“Iwouldbeadifferentperson…”和“…Ihonestlydon'tknowhowshedidit…”可知,作者的父母与其他父母养育小孩的方式不同,其父母对作者很严格,由此可知C项为最佳答案.56.A 细节理解题.从文章第三段“…thebasketwinkedatmeandIknew—Iknew—Ihadtohaveit.”以及下文作者的那种特别的期盼可以推断出,作者第一眼看见这个车篮就喜欢上了它,由此可知选A项.57.B 推理判断题.从第五段多次提到的“…pleasecanIplease,pleasegetit？”可知,作者非常渴望拥有这个车篮,please表现了她的迫切的心情,所以答案为B项.58.B 推理判断题.从倒数第三段“…thatalreadylookednakedwithoutthebasketinfront…”可知,此处作者强调了该篮子对她的重要性,所以答案为B项.59.D 推理判断题.从文章倒数第二段“Dayslatertheunthinkablehappened…Thishorribleturnofevents.”推断可知,作者看到邻居小孩有了一个与她梦寐以求的一模一样的车篮的时候,她感到一种恐惧,故答案为D项.60.C 推理判断题.从全文可知,作者通过自己小时候想要车篮的经历告诉我们,要想创造属于自己的财富,一定要通过自己的努力,故C项为最佳答案.C2[2016·全国卷Ⅲ]BOnoneofhertripstoNewYorkseveralyearsago,EudoraWeltydecidedtotakeacoupleofNewYorkfriendsouttodinner.TheysettledinatacomfortableEastSidecafeandwithinminutes,anothercustomerwasapproachingtheirtable.“Hey,aren'tyoufromMississippi？”theelegant,whitehairedwriterrememberedbeingaskedbythestranger.“I'mfromMississippitoo.”Withoutasecondthought,thewomanjoinedtheWeltyparty.Whenherdinnerpartnershowedup,shealsopulledupachair.“TheybegantellingmeallthenewsofMississippi,”Weltysaid.“Ididn'tknowwhatmyNewYorkfriendswerethinking.”TaxisonarainyNewYorknightarerarerthansunshine.Bythetimethegroupgotuptoleave,itwaspouringoutside.Welty'snewfriendsimmediatelysentawaitertofindacab.Headingbackdowntowntowardherhotel,herbigcityfriendswereamazedattheturnofeventsthathadchangedtheirBigAppledinnerintoaMississippistatereunion(团聚). “Myfriendsaid:‘Nowwebelieveyourstories,’”Weltyadded.“AndIsaid:‘Nowyouknow.Thesearethepeoplethatmakemewritethem．’”Sittingonasofainherroom,Welty,aslimfigureinasimplegraydress,lookedpleasedwiththisexplanation.“Idon'tmakethemup,”shesaidofthecharactersinherfictiontheselast50orsoyears.“Idon'thaveto.”Beauticians,bartenders,pianoplayersandpeoplewithpurplehats,Welty'speoplecomefromafternoonsspentvisitingwitholdfriends,fromwalksthroughthestreetsofhernativeJackson,Miss,fromconversationsoverheardonabus.ItannoysWeltythat,at78,herleftearhasnowgivenout.Sometimes,sittingonabusoratrain,shehearsonlyafragment(片断)ofaparticularlyinterestingstory.5.WhathappenedwhenWeltywaswithherfriendsatthecafe?A.Twostrangersjoinedher.B.Herchildhoodfriendscamein.C.Aheavyrainruinedthedinner.D.Somepeopleheldapartythere.6.Theunderlinedword“them”inParagraph6referstoWelty's________.A.readersB.partiesC.friendsD.stories7.WhatcanwelearnaboutthecharactersinWelty'sfiction?A.Theyliveinbigcities.B.Theyaremostlywomen.C.Theycomefromreallife.D.Theyarepleasureseekers.【要点综述】这是一篇记叙文.文章通过作家Welty一次与朋友在外面吃饭的经历,讲述了小说中的人物大多都是来自现实生活.5．A 细节理解题.根据第一段最后一句以及第二段中的thestranger可知他们刚坐下没几分钟,一名陌生的顾客来到他们桌旁.根据第三段“…thewomanjoinedtheWeltyparty.Whenherdinnerpartnershowedup,shealsopulledupachair.”可知这位陌生顾客的朋友也参与了进来.故选A项.6．D 词义猜测题.根据倒数第四段Welty与她朋友的对话可推断出them指代的意义.她的朋友说：“现在我们相信你写的故事了.”Welty说：“你知道,是这些人使我写出这些故事的.”故选D项.7．C 细节理解题.根据文章最后一段可知,Welty小说中的人物都是来自现实生活中的.故选C项.C2[2016·北京卷]BSurvivingHurricaneSandy(飓风桑迪)NatalieDoan,14,hasalwaysfeltluckytoliveinRockaway,NewYork.Livingjustafewblocksfromthebeach,Nataliecanseetheoceanandhearthewavesfromherhouse.“It'stheoceanthatmakesRockawaysospecial,”shesays.OnOctober29,2012,thatoceanturnedfierce.Thatnight,HurricaneSandyattackedtheEastCoast,andRockawaywashitespeciallyhard.Fortunately,Natalie'sfamilyescapedtoBrooklynshortlybeforethecity'sbridgesclosed. WhentheyreturnedtoRockawaythenextday,theyfoundtheirneighbourhoodinruins.ManyofNatalie'sfriendshadlosttheirhomesandwerelivingfaraway.Allaroundher,peopleweresuffering,especiallytheelderly.Natalie'sschoolwassodamagedthatshehadtotemporarilyattendaschoolinBrooklyn.Inthefollowingfewdays,themenandwomenhelpingRockawayrecoverinspiredNatalie.Volunteerscamewithcarloadsofdonatedclothingandtoys.Neighboursdevotedtheirsparetimetohelpingothersrebuild.Teenagersclimbeddozensofflightsofstairstodeliverwaterandfoodtoelderlypeopletrappedinpowerlesshighrisebuildings.“MymumtellsmethatIcan'tcontrolwhathappenstome,”Nataliesays,“butIcanalwayschoosehowIdealwithit.”Natalie'schoicewastohelp.Shecreatedawebsitepage,matchingsurvivorsinneedwithdonorswhowantedtohelp.NataliepostedinformationaboutaboynamedPatrick,wholosthisbaseballcardcollectionwhenhishouseburneddown.Withindays,Patrick'scollectionwasreplaced.Inthecomingmonths,herwebsitepagehelpedlotsofkids:Christopher,whoreceivedanewbasketball;Charlie,whogotanewkeyboard.NataliealsoworkedwithotherorganizationstobringmuchneededsuppliestoRockaway.Hereffortsmadeherafamousperson.LastApril,shewasinvitedtotheWhiteHouseandhonouredasaHurricaneSandyChampionofChange.Today,thescars(创痕)ofdestructionarestillseeninRockaway,buthopeisintheair.Thestreetsareclear,andmanyhomeshavebeenrebuilt.“Ican'timaginelivinganywherebutRockaway,”Nataliedeclares.“Myneighbourhoodwillbeback,evenstrongerthanbefore.”59.WhenNataliereturnedtoRockawayafterthehurricane,shefound________.A.somefriendshadlosttheirlivesB.herneighbourhoodwasdestroyedC.herschoolhadmovedtoBrooklynD.theelderlywerefreefromsuffering60.AccordingtoParagraph4,whoinspiredNataliemost?A.ThepeoplehelpingRockawayrebuild.B.Thepeopletrappedinhighrisebuildings.C.Thevolunteersdonatingmoneytosurvivors.D.Localteenagersbringingclothingtoelderlypeople.61.HowdidNataliehelpthesurvivors?A.Shegavehertoystootherkids.B.Shetookcareofyoungerchildren.C.ShecalledontheWhiteHousetohelp.D.Shebuiltaninformationsharingplatform.62.Whatdoesthestoryintendtotellus?A.Littlepeoplecanmakeabigdifference.B.Afriendinneedisafriendindeed.C.EastorWest,homeisbest.D.Technologyispower.【要点综述】本文讲述了一个叫Natalie的女孩在飓风袭击Rockaway之后如何建立网站帮助孩子得到丢失的物品并努力为重建家园奉献的故事.59．B 细节理解题.根据第三段首句“WhentheyreturnedtoRockawaythenextday,they foundtheirneighbourhoodinruins.”可知,他们的社区已成废墟,所以是被毁了.inruins成为废墟.60．A 细节理解题.根据第四段段首句“Inthefollowingfewdays,themenandwomenhelpingRockawayrecoverinspiredNatalie.”可知,帮助Rockaway恢复的人使Natalie备受鼓舞.recover恢复.61．D 细节理解题.根据第七段首句“Shecreatedawebsitepage,matchingsurvivorsinneedwithdonorswhowantedtohelp.”可知她建了一个网站,也就是D项中的informationsharingplatform(信息交流平台).62．A 主旨大意题.文章中的主人翁是一个14岁的小女孩,她在灾难来临后帮助家乡重建.A项意为“小人物,大不同.”故选A.C2[2016·全国卷Ⅰ]CIamPeterHodes,avolunteerstemcellcourier.SinceMarch2012,I'vedone89trips—ofthose,51havebeenabroad.Ihave42hourstocarrystemcells(干细胞)inmylittleboxbecauseI'vegottwoicepacksandthat'showlongtheylast.Inall,fromthetimethestemcellsareharvestedfromadonor(捐献者)tothetimetheycanbeimplantedinthepatient,we'vegot72hoursatmost.SoIamalwaysconsciousoftime.IhadonetriplastyearwhereIwascaughtbyahurricaneinAmerica.IpickedupthestemcellsinProvidence,RhodeIsland,andwasmeanttoflytoWashingtonthenbacktoLondon.ButwhenIarrivedatthecheckindeskatProvidence,theladyonthedesksaid:“Well,I'mreallysorry,I'vegotsomebadnewsforyou—therearenofightsfromWashington.”SoItookmyboxandputitonthedeskandIsaid：“Inthisboxaresomestemcellsthatareurgentlyneededforapatient—please,please,you'vegottogetmebacktotheUnitedKingdom.”Shejustdroppedeverything.Shearrangedforaflightonasmallplanetobeheldforme,rerouted(改道)methroughNewarkandgotmebacktotheUKevenearlierthanoriginallyscheduled.Forthiscourierjob,you'reconsciouslyawarethatinthatboxyou'vegotsomethingthatispotentiallygoingtosavesomebody'slife.29.Whichofthefollowingcanreplacetheunderlinedword“courier”inParagraph1?A．Provider.B．Deliveryman.C．Collector.D．Medicaldoctor.30.WhydoesPeterhavetocompletehistripwithin42hours?A．Hecannotstayawayfromhisjobtoolong.B．Thedonorcanonlywaitforthatlong.C．Theoperationneedsthatmuchtime.D．Theicewon'tlastanylonger.31.WhichflightdidthewomanputPeteronfirst?A．ToLondon.B．ToNewark.C．ToProvidence.D．ToWashington.【要点综述】本文是一篇记叙文.文章主要讲述了作者在一次运送造血干细胞途中的一段经历,表现了人们之间的友爱.29．B 词义猜测题.根据文章第一段中的“…I'vedone89trips…”和“Ihave42hourstocarrystemcells(干细胞)inmylittlebox…”以及第二段的内容可知,作者是运送干细胞的人,也就是deliveryman.故选B.30．D 细节理解题.根据第一段第三句“Ihave42hourstocarrystemcells(干细胞)inmy littleboxbecauseI'vegottwoicepacksandthat'showlongtheylast.”可知,盒子只能保持42小时适宜的温度.故选D.31．B 细节理解题.根据第二段最后一句“Shearrangedforaflightonasmallplanetobeheldforme,rerouted(改道)methroughNewark…”可知,这位好心的女士首先安排作者乘坐去Newark的航班.故选B.C2[2016·全国卷Ⅱ]BFiveyearsago,whenItaughtartataschoolinSeattle,IusedTinkertoysasatestatthebeginningofatermtofindoutsomethingaboutmystudents.IputasmallsetofTinkertoysinfrontofeachstudent,andsaid：“MakesomethingoutoftheTinkertoys.Youhave45minutestoday—and45minuteseachdayfortherestoftheweek.”Afewstudentshesitatedtostart.Theywaitedtoseewhattherestoftheclasswoulddo.Severalotherscheckedtheinstructionsandmadesomethingaccordingtooneofthemodelplansprovided.Anothergroupbuiltsomethingoutoftheirownimaginations.OnceIhadaboywhoworkedexperimentallywithTinkertoysinhisfreetime.Hisconstructionsfilledashelfintheartclassroomandagoodpartofhisbedroomathome.Iwasdelightedatthepresenceofsuchastudent.Herewasanexceptionallycreativemindatwork.HispresencemeantthatIhadanunexpectedteachingassistantinclasswhosecreativitywouldinfect(感染)otherstudents.Encouragingthiskindofthinkinghasadownside.Irantheriskoflosingthosestudentswhohadadifferentstyleofthinking.Withoutfailonewoulddeclare,“ButI'mjustnotcreative.”“Doyoudreamatnightwhenyou'reasleep？”“Oh,sure.”“Sotellmeoneofyourmostinterestingdreams.”Thestudentwouldtellsomethingwildlyimaginative.Flyingintheskyorinatimemachineorgrowingthreeheads.“That'sprettycreative.Whodoesthatforyou？”“Nobody.Idoit.”“Really—atnight,whenyou'reasleep？”“Sure.”“Trydoingitinthedaytime,inclass,okay？”5.TheteacherusedTinkertoysinclassinorderto________．A.knowmoreaboutthestudentsB.makethelessonsmoreexcitingC.raisethestudents'interestinartD.teachthestudentsabouttoydesign6.WhatdoweknowabouttheboymentionedinParagraph3?A.Helikedtohelphisteacher.B.Hepreferredtostudyalone.C.Hewasactiveinclass.D.Hewasimaginative.7.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“downside”inParagraph4probablymean?A.Mistake.B.Drawback.C.Difficulty.D.Burden.8.Whydidtheteacheraskthestudentstotalkabouttheirdreams?A.Tohelpthemtoseetheircreativity. B.Tofindoutabouttheirsleepinghabits.C.Tohelpthemtoimprovetheirmemory.D.Tofindoutabouttheirwaysofthinking.【要点综述】本文是一篇记叙文,主要讲述了作者在上课的时候通过让学生们拼装玩具,从而发现并鼓励学生们的创造性思维的故事.5．A 推理判断题.根据第一段的“…IusedTinkertoysasatestatthebeginningofatermtofindoutsomethingaboutmystudents.”可知,作者通过让学生们拼装玩具,主要是想更多地了解学生们的情况.6．D 推理判断题.根据第三段的第一句“OnceIhadaboywhoworkedexperimentallywithTinkertoysinhisfreetime.”可知,这个男孩是利用空闲时间拼装这些玩具的,并且根据本段的“Herewasanexceptionallycreativemindatwork.”可知,这个男孩是一个很有想象力和创造力的孩子,因此选D.7．B 词义猜测题.根据第四段的画线词后面的“Irantheriskoflosingthosestudentswhohadadifferentstyleofthinking.”可知,虽然作者采用了这种教学方式,但是也冒着一定的风险,即有可能失去一些不同思维方式的学生,因此这里说明这种教育方式也有不足之处,因此选B.8．A 细节理解题.根据文章最后七段中的对话内容可知作者鼓励孩子们说出最有趣的梦,并鼓励他们在白天的课堂里把梦的内容做出来.作者这样做就是为了让他们看到自己的创造力和想象力.因此选A.B[2016·河南八市重点高中高三12月联考]EversinceGrumpyCatfirstappearedonline,the__Internet__can't__get__enough__of__her.Butattentionisnottheonlythingthatthiscatisgetting.Herfortuneisestimatedat$100million,morethanmanyfamousactorsandmusiciansearn.Sohowdiditallstart?GrumpyCat'sownerTabathaBundesenwasworkingasawaitresswhenherbrotherBryandecidedtotakeaphotoofherfunnylookingcatandpostitonReddit,asocialnewssite.Inamatterofhours,shebecameasensation(轰动)．Itgot1millionviewsonImgurin48hours.GrumpyCat'srealnameisTardarSauceandsheactuallyhasaconditioncalleddwarfism,whichmakesherconstantlyfrowning.Butthatuniquefrownturnedouttobeworthmillionsofdollars.Tabatha,wholivesinArizonaintheUS,isn'tcomplaining.ShestillremembersthatSeptember22,2012,whenherlifeturnedupsidedown.Sincehercatbecameaworldwidephenomenon,shewasabletoquitherjobanddevoteherlifetomanaginghercat'smodellingcareer.Soundsunbelievable,butit'strue.ShesaysthatheronlyjobnowistobookTardar'sphotoshoots,commercials(广告),andotherappearances.Whataretheotherbenefitsofowningamilliondollarcat?Apartfromnothavingtowork,Tabathacantravelallthetime.Shehastimeandmoneytovisitherfamilymoreoftenandenjoyherlife.Shenevercouldhaveimaginedjusthowhugehercatwouldbecome,butshealwaysknewTardarwasveryspecial.Andsheisgladtoseehercatbringingjoytosomanypeoplearoundtheworld.AsforthemillionsofdollarsGrumpyhasearned,theycomefromalltheproducts,commercialsandabestsellingbook.Sheevenhasherownmovie—GrumpyCat'sWorstChristmasEver.1.Whatdoestheunderlinedpart“theInternetcan'tgetenoughofher”mean?A．TheInternetcan'tstandheranymore. B．TheInternetcan'tpaymoreattentiontoher.C．Peopledon'tfocusonheranylongerontheInternet.D．TheInternetcan'tfindenoughinformationabouther.2.WhatmadeGrumpyCatbecomefamous?A．Herunusualappearance.B．Herbadtemper.C．Hershortandfatbody.D．Heruniquefur.3.AboutTabathaBundesen,weknowthat________．A．shenowworksasawaitressB．shefeelsverytiredofherfamouscatC．sheonlymanageshercat'smodellingcareerD．sheistoobusytogohometovisitherparents4.Thegeneralideaofthelastparagraphis________．A．howthecatcanbecomesofamousB．howthecatcanmakesomuchmoneyC．whatthefilmaboutthecatisnamedD．howthecat'sownerspendssomuchmoney【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文.文章讲述了GrumpyCat首次出现在网上时就引起了极大的关注,它的主人为此挣了很多钱.这些钱主要来自所有的摄影产品、商业广告和一本畅销书.这只猫甚至有它自己的电影.1．B 句意猜测题.根据文章第一段的第二句“Butattentionisnottheonlythingthatthiscatisgetting.”可知,关注并不是GrumpyCat正在得到的唯一的东西.因此前面一句的意思是：因特网给它带来许多的关注.故选B.2．A 细节理解题.根据文章第三段中的“GrumpyCat'sownerTabathaBundesenwasworkingasawaitresswhenherbrotherBryandecidedtotakeaphotoofherfunnylookingcatandpostitonReddit,asocialnewssite.”可知,GrumpyCat的主人TabathaBundesen是一个女服务员,她的弟弟布赖恩决定拍一张GrumpyCat看上去很滑稽的照片,并把它放在社会新闻网Reddit上.故选A.3．C 细节理解题.根据文章倒数第四段的第一句“…shewasabletoquitherjobanddevoteherlifetomanaginghercat'smodellingcareer.”可知,她放弃了她的工作,致力于管理她的猫的模特事业中.故选C.4．B 段落大意题.根据文章最后一段“AsforthemillionsofdollarsGrumpyhasearned,theycomefromalltheproducts,commercialsandabestsellingbook.Sheevenhasherownmovie—GrumpyCat'sWorstChristmasEver.”可知,Grumpy挣得的数百万美元主要来自所有的产品、商业广告和一本畅销书,它甚至有它自己的电影——GrumpyCat'sWorstChristmasEver.故选B.B[2016·福建南平中学高三年级第一次阶段考]Awomanusesherdaughter'skeyto“steal”thecarCharlieVansant,acollegestudentofAthens,Ohiowhoreportedthathiscarwasstolen,gotasurprisewhenhelearnedawomanhadmistakenitforherdaughter'scarandtakenit—usingherkey.KateAndersonbecameanaccidentalcarthiefwhenpickingupherdaughter'scarnearanOhioUniversitybuildinglastweek.AndersonspottedtheToyotaCamry(丰田凯美瑞)andusedherdaughter'skeytounlockthecar,starttheengineanddrivehome—withoutrealizingthatthe carwasn'therdaughter's.WhenCharlieVansantleftclassashorttimelater,hefoundonlyanemptyparkingspot.Hefirstassumedthecarhadbeentowed,__butwhenthepolicecouldn'tfindarecordofit,theytookatheftreport.ThemorningafterAndersontookthecar,herdaughterdiscoveredtheCamryinthedrivewaywasn'thers.AndersonsaidshewasabletofindVansant'snameonpaperworkintheglovecompartmentandlookuphisphonenumberonthewebsitefortheuniversity.WhenAndersontoldCharliethecarwasinherdriveway,“Itsoundedreallysuspiciousatfirst,asmaybeshewantedtoholdthethingforransom(赎金),”saidVansant.Heeventuallywenttothehousewithapoliceofficer,wherehewasreunitedwithhiscar.Accordingtothepolicereport,thecasewasclosed“becauseofmistakencaridentity”,andAndersonwasn'tcharged.Vansantseemedtoblamethecarcompanymorethanthe“thief”.“Herkeyfitnotonlymylock,butmyignition(点火装置)aswell—sohighfiveforToyota,Iguess,”hesaid.1.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“towed”meaninParagraph3?A．Removed.B．Damaged.C．Stolen.D．Sold.2.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaccordingtothepassage?A．MrsAnderson'sdaughterdiscoveredthecarhermotherdrovewasnothers.B．MrsAndersonstoleCharlie'scarattherequestofherdaughter.C．CharliehadthoughthehadtogiveAndersonmoneytogethiscarback.D．MrsAndersonusedherdaughter'skeytounlockCharlie'scaranddrivehome.3.WhatdoesCharliemeanby“highfiveforToyota”？A．HeisblamingToyotaforthepoorqualityofcarkeys.B．HeshouldthankToyotaforreturninghiscar.C．HewantstocelebratewithToyotaforgettinghiscarback.D．HethinkshighlyofToyotaforproducinglargequantitiesofcars.4.Whatislikelytohappennextaccordingtothepassage?A．MrsAndersonwaschargedwithstealingacar.B．CharlieblamedMrsAndersonformistakenlytakinghiscar.C．CharliewouldasktheToyotaCompanytogivehimanexplanation.D．TheToyotaCompanywouldgiveCharlieanewcarascompensation.【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文,讲述了一位妇女用女儿的车钥匙误开走了别人的汽车,从而引发了当事人对丰田公司生产的车钥匙的质量的质疑.1．A 词义猜测题.根据文章第三段中的“Hefirstassumedthecarhadbeentowed,butwhenthepolicecouldn'tfindarecordofit,theytookatheftreport.”可知,他刚开始以为车被警察拖走了,但是当警察找不到拖车记录的时候,他们做了一个偷窃记录.remove移动；damage损坏；steal偷窃；sell卖掉.故选A.2．B 细节理解题.根据文章第二段中的“…usedherdaughter'skeytounlockthecar,starttheengineanddrivehome—withoutrealizingthatthecarwasn'therdaughter's.”可知,她用她女儿的车钥匙打开车,点火开走,并没有意识到那辆车不是她女儿的.所以B选项错误.根据第四段的“ThemorningafterAndersontookthecar,herdaughterdiscoveredtheCamryinthedrivewaywasn'thers.”可知,A选项和D选项是正确的；根据第五段的“…‘Itsoundedreallysuspiciousatfirst,asmaybeshewantedtoholdthethingforransom(赎金),’said Vansant.”可知C选项是正确的.故选B.3．A 推理判断题.根据文章最后一段中的“Vansantseemedtoblamethecarcompanymorethanthe‘thief’.‘Herkeyfitnotonlymylock,butmyignition(点火装置)aswell—sohighfiveforToyota,Iguess,’hesaid.”可知,Vansant应该责备汽车公司而不是“偷车贼”.他应该因车钥匙的质量差而责备丰田公司,故选A.4．C 推理判断题.根据最后一段可知,Charlie不打算起诉MrsAnderson,但对丰田公司生产的车钥匙的质量表示不满,故下文可能会要求其对此情况做出解释,故选C.B[2016·吉林实验中学高三上学期第五次模拟]Papa'sjawdroppedwhenMamatoldhimthatSisterhadcheatedonherfinalexams—nottosucceedbuttofail.“It'sunbelievable！”hesaid.“Sisterhasalwaysbeensoproudofhergoodgrades！”“Yes,shehas,”saidMama.“Butit'snotunbelievable.Itjustshowshowbadlyshewantsofftheswimmingteam.”“Sheneversaidanythingaboutthattome,”saidPapa.“Ofcourseshedidn't,”saidMama.“Shewasafraidyou'dblow__your__top.YoualreadyhadhergettingaswimmingscholarshipforcollegeandwinninggoldmedalsattheOlympics.Canyouimaginehowmuchpressureshemusthavefelt？”“Oh,mygosh！”Papasaid,“I'vebeensostupid!Ijustthoughtshe'dwanttobeachampionswimmerbecauseshe'ssogoodatit.”“It'slikeanythingelse,dear,”saidMama,“Nomatterhowgoodatityouare,ifitstopsbeingfun,youwon'twanttodoitanymore.”“Shemustbereallymadatme,”hemumbled(嘟哝).“MaybeIshouldsaysorrytoher.”Sister'sfootstepscouldbeheardonthestairs.Shecameintothekitchenandlookedhopefullyupatherparents.“Honey,”saidMamawithasmile,“YourpapaandIhavedecidedthatthere'snoreasonforyoutobeontheswimmingteamifyoudon'twantto.”Sister'sfacelituplikeaChristmastree.SherantoPapaandjumpedintohisarms,givinghimabighug.“I'mgoingtoplaycardswithLizzy！”shesaid.“Seeyoulater！”Fromthekitchenwindow,MamaandPapawatchedtheirdaughterrundownthesunnyroadtowardsLizzy'shouse.“It'sgoodtoseeherhappyagain,”saidMama.“Well,it'snottoolate,anyway,”Papasaid.1.Mamainsistedthatthechildshoulddo________．A．whatshefelteasytoB．whatshewaswillingtoC．whatshefeltrighttoD．whatshewasableto2.Theunderlinedexpression“blowyourtop”probablymeans“________”inthetext.A．changeyouropinionB．becomeveryexcitedC．getveryangryD．falldownwithfear3.WhichofthefollowingwordsbestdescribesPapa?A．Foolish.B．Patient.C．Stubborn.D．Considerate.4.Whatmightbethebesttitleforthetext? A．BetterlatethanneverB．EasiersaidthandoneC．NevertoooldtolearnD．Nopleasurewithoutpain【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文,讲述了一位父亲在听取了母亲的建议后同意女儿退出游泳队.文章告诉我们应该让孩子们去做他们愿意做的事情.1．B 推理判断题.根据文章内容可知,爸爸对女儿的要求很严格,要求女儿参加游泳训练并获得游泳奖学金,最后在奥运会上获得金牌,但妈妈对此并不认同.根据第四段的最后一句“‘Canyouimaginehowmuchpressureshemusthavefelt？’”以及文章倒数第二句“‘It'sgoodtoseeherhappyagain,’saidMama.”可知,妈妈坚持认为孩子应该去做她愿意做的事情.故B项正确.2．C 词义猜测题.根据文章内容可知,女儿想退出游泳队,但是又不敢和父亲讲这件事情.父亲对她要求很高,如果她告诉父亲她想退出游泳队,她担心父亲会很生气.所以blowyourtop意为“大怒”.故C项正确.3．D 推理判断题.虽然父亲之前对女儿要求很严格,但是在妈妈的劝说下,他还是同意女儿退出游泳队.这说明他还是会为女儿考虑的,还是一个很体贴的人.故D项正确.4．A 主旨大意题.本文主要讲述的是,女儿想退出游泳队,但是又不敢和父亲说.父亲在听取了母亲的建议以后同意女儿退出游泳队,这让女儿很高兴.A项内容和文章最后一句相符合.故A项正确.C4广告应用类C4[2016·浙江卷]BBelowarethesearchresultsfromauniversitylibrary'sdatabase.QuickSearch|Category|FullText|AdvancedSearchfulltextofbooksforchildrenDisplaying1to100of639titlesforchildrenwhereCategoryisEducation12345…7NextRefineYourSearchRemoveallfilters2016(9)2015(90)2014(290)2013(118)2012(62)Showmore…English(637)German(2) Education(639)SocialScience(27)Medicine(15)Psychology(11)Language/Linguistics(10)Showmore…BuildIt,MakeIt,DoIt,PlayIt!GuidesforChildrenandTeensBomholdCatharine；ElderTerri,2014|ABCCLIOSeries:Children'sandYoungAdultLiteratureReferenceAvailableForbusylibrariansandeducators,findinginstructionsforprojects,activities,sports,andgamesthatchildrenandteenswillfindinterestingisaconstantchallenge.Thisguideisatimesaving,onestop…Readthisbook|Viewdetails|AddtoCollectionCircleTimeforYoungChildrenMosleyJenny,2014|TaylorandFrancisSeries:EssentialGuidesforEarlyYearsPractitionersAvailableJennyMosley'squalitycircletimemodelinvolvessettingupanongoing,timetabledprocessofcirclemeetingsforadultsandchildren.Asabasisforteachingrelationshipskills,buildingupselfesteem…Readthisbook|Viewdetails|AddtoCollectionEducationandDisadvantagedChildrenandYoungPeopleMatsumotoMitsuko;BrockColin,2013|BloomsburyPublishingSeries:EducationasaHumanitarianResponseAvailableDostreetchildrengotoschool,andifnot,whynot?Whatkindofeducationcanbe“meaningful”toyoungpeopleaffectedbyconflict?Thecontributorsexploregroupsofchildrenandyoungpeoplewhohave… Readthisbook|Viewdetails|AddtoCollectionChildrenwithSchoolProblems:APhysician'sManualTheCanadianPaediatricSociety;AndrewsDebra；MahoneyWilliamJ,2012|WileyAvailableThephysician'sguidetodiagnosingandtreatinglearningdisabilitiesinchildren.1in10Canadianshavealearningdisability,anddoctorsmustbeabletoidentify,diagnose,treat,andmanagechildren…Readthisbook|Viewdetails|AddtoCollectionSongsinTheirHeads：MusicandItsMeaninginChildren'sLivesCampbellPatriciaShehan,1998|OxfordUniversityPressAvailableThisbookexploresthemusicalinterestandneedsofchildrenintheirdailylives.Basedupontheirexpressedthoughtsandactual“musicking”behaviours,thistextexaminesthesongstheysing,therhythms…Readthisbook|Viewdetails|AddtoCollectionYoungChildrenasArtists：ArtandDesignintheEarlyYearsandKeyStage1TutchellSuzy,2014|TaylorandFrancisAvailableFromthemomentachildisborn,theyinteractwiththesensoryworld,lookingatcolours,feelingtextures；constructingmentalandphysicalimagesofwhattheyseeandexperience.Withinallearlyyears…Readthisbook|Viewdetails|AddtoCollectionBigIdeasforLittleKids：TeachingPhilosophyThroughChildren'sLiteratureWartenbergThomasE,2014|Rowman&LittlefieldPublishersAvailable BigIdeasforLittleKidsincludeseverythingateacher,aparentoracollegestudentneedstoteachphilosophytoelementaryschoolchildrenfrompicturebooks.Writteninaclearandaccessiblestyle,…Readthisbook|Viewdetails|AddtoCollection46.Supposeyouaredoingresearchonchildren'srelationshipskills,youmaywanttoread________．A．CircleTimeforYoungChildrenB.ChildrenwithSchoolProblems：APhysician'sManualC．EducationandDisadvantagedChildrenandYoungPeopleD．BuildIt,MakeIt,DoIt,PlayIt！GuidesforChildrenandTeens47．Whichbookwouldyourecommendtosomeoneinterestedinchildren'smentalimages?A．ConnectingAnimalsandChildreninEarlyChildhood.B．SongsinTheirHeads:MusicandItsMeaninginChildren'sLives.C．BigIdeasforLittleKids:TeachingPhilosophyThroughChildren'sLiterature.D．YoungChildrenasArtists：ArtandDesignintheEarlyYearsandKeyStage1.48．Howmanybookspublishedin2015arefoundinthissearch?A.9.B．90.C．118.D．290.49．ChildrenwithSchoolProblems：APhysician'sManualismostlikelyintendedfor________．A.educatorsB.librariansC.doctorsD．artists【要点综述】本文是一则应用文,主要向读者介绍了大学图书馆的搜索功能以及关于children的搜索结果.46.A 细节理解题.从第二条搜索信息提到的“Asabasisforteachingrelationshipskills,buildingupselfesteem…”可知,提升孩子的人际交往能力,应该看CircleTimeforYoungChildren这一本书,所以选A项.47.D 细节理解题.从倒数第二条搜索信息中提到的“…constructingmentalandphysicalimagesofwhattheysee…”可知,在YoungChildrenasArtists:ArtandDesignintheEarlyYearsandKeyStage1这本书中提到了“孩子们的身心健康问题”,所以选D项.48.B 细节理解题.从RefineYourSearch部分提到的YearPublished搜索中2015年出版的书共有90本,所以选B项.49.C 细节理解题.从ChildrenwithSchoolProblems:APhysician'sManual中提到的“Thephysician'sguidetodiagnosingandtreating…”可以知道,该书的读者对象为医生,所以选C项.C4[2016·天津卷]AAlanguageprogrammeforteenagersWelcometoTeenagersAbroad!Weinviteyoutojoinusonanamazingjourneyoflanguagelearning.OurCoursesRegardlessofyourchoiceofcourse,you'lldevelopyourlanguageabilitybothquicklyandeffectively. OurStandardCourseguaranteesasignificantincreaseinyourconfidenceinaforeignlanguage,withfocusedteachinginall4skillareas—speaking,listening,readingandwriting.OurIntensiveCoursebuildsonourStandardCourse,with10additionallessonsperweek,guaranteeingthefastestpossiblelanguagelearning(seetablebelow)．CourseTypeDaysNumberofLessonsCourseTimetableStandardCourseMonFri20lessons9：00—12：30IntensiveCourseMonFri20lessons9：00—12：3010lessons13：00—14：30 EvaluationStudentsareplacedintoclassesaccordingtotheircurrentlanguageskills.Themajorityofthemtakeanonlinelanguagetestbeforestartingtheirprogramme.However,ifthisisnotavailable,studentssittheexamonthefirstMondayoftheircourse.Learningmaterialsareprovidedtostudentsthroughouttheircourse,andtherewillneverbemorethan15participantsineachclass.ArrivalsandTransferOurprogrammeoffersthefullpackage—studentsaretakengoodcareoffromthestartthroughtotheveryend.Theyarecollectedfromtheairportuponarrivalandbroughttotheiraccommodationincomfort.Werequirethestudent'sfullflightdetailsatleast4weeksinadvance.Meals/Allergies(过敏)/SpecialDietaryRequirementsStudentsareprovidedwithbreakfast,dinnerandeitheracookedorpackedlunch(whichconsistsofasandwich,adrinkandadessert).Snacksoutsideofmealtimesmaybepurchasedbythestudentindividually.Weaskthatyouletusknowofanyallergiesordietaryrequirementsaswellasinformationaboutanymedicinesyoutake.Dependingonthetypeofallergiesand/ordietaryrequirements,anextrachargemaybemadeforprovidingspecialfood.36．HowdoesIntensiveCoursedifferfromStandardCourse?A．Itislesseffective.B．Itfocusesonspeaking.C．Itincludesextralessons.D．Itgivesyouconfidence.37．WhencanastudentattendStandardCourse?A．13：00—14：30Monday.B．9：00—12：30Tuesday.C．13：00—14：30Friday.D．9：00—12：30Saturday.38．Beforestartingtheirprogramme,studentsareexpectedto________．A．takealanguagetestB．haveanonlineinterviewC．preparelearningmaterialsD．reporttheirlanguagelevels39．Withthefullpackage,theprogrammeorganizerissupposedto________．A．informstudentsoftheirfullflightdetails B．lookafterstudentsthroughouttheprogrammeC．offerstudentsfreesightseeingtripsD．collectstudents'luggageinadvance40．Whichofthefollowingmayrequireanextrapayment?A．Cookeddinner.B．Mealtimedessert.C．Packedlunch.D．Specialdiet.【要点综述】这是一篇应用文.本文主要介绍了为青少年设计的一个学习项目.36.C 细节理解题.根据OurCourses下的with10additionallessonsperweek可知这是IntensiveCourse与StandardCourse的区别.故C项正确.37.B 细节理解题.根据表格中的StandardCourse的时间是9：00—12：30可知B项正确.38.A 细节理解题.根据Evaluation下的“Themajorityofthemtakeanonlinelanguagetestbeforestartingtheirprogramme.”可知A项正确.39.B 推理判断题.根据ArrivalsandTransfer下的“…studentsaretakengoodcareoffromthestartthroughtotheveryend.”可知是从头到尾都负责照顾学生,故B项正确.40.D 细节理解题.根据Meals/Allergies(过敏)/SpecialDietaryRequirements下的最后一句“Dependingonthetypeofallergiesand/ordietaryrequirements,anextrachargemaybemadeforprovidingspecialfood.”可知D项正确.C4[2016·江苏卷]AeLearning:AnAlternativeLearningOpportunityDaySchoolProgrammeSecondarystudentsacrossTorontoDistrictSchoolBoard(TDSB)areinvitedtotakeoneortwoeLearningcoursesontheirdayschooltimetable.Studentswillremainontherollattheirdayschool.Theonlineclassroomprovidesaninnovative,relevantandinteractivelearningenvironment.ThecoursesandonlineclassroomareprovidedbytheMinistryofEducation.Theseonlinecourses：aretaughtbyTDSBsecondaryschoolteachers；arepartoftheTDSBstudent'stimetable;and,appearonthestudent'sreportuponcompletion.BenefitsofeLearningInclude：accesstocoursesthatmaynotbeavailableathisorherTDSBschool; usingtechnologytoprovidestudentswithcurrentinformation;and,assistancetosolvetimetableconflicts.IseLearningforYou?Studentswhoaresuccessfulinanonlinecourseareusually：abletoplan,organizetimeandcompleteassignmentsandactivities;capableofworkingindependentlyinaresponsibleandhonestmanner;and,abletoregularlyuseacomputerormobiledevicewithInternetaccess.Studentsneedtospendatleastasmuchtimewiththeironlinecourseworkastheywouldinafacetofaceclassroomcourse.56.ELearningcoursesaredifferentfromotherTDSBcoursesinthat________．A．theyaregivenbybestTDSBteachersB．theyarenotonthedayschooltimetableC．theyarenotincludedonstudents'reportsD．theyareanadditiontoTDSBcourses57．WhatdostudentsneedtodobeforecompletingeLearningcourses?A．Tolearninformationtechnologyonline.B．Todotheirassignmentsindependently.C．Toupdatetheirmobiledevicesregularly.D．Totalkfacetofacewiththeirteachers.【要点综述】本文是一篇广告类说明文,介绍了一些在线学习课程,包括这些课程的特点、作用等.56.D 细节理解题.根据Theseonlinecourses部分中的arepartoftheTDSBstudent'stimetable以及Include下面的accesstocoursesthatmaynotbeavailableathisorherTDSBschool可知,eLearning是TDSB课程的额外补充部分,故选D项.57.B 细节理解题.根据题干中的needtodo可以定位到标题IseLearningforYou？再根据abletoplan,organizetimeandcompleteassignmentsandactivities和capableofworkingindependently可知,B项说的“独立完成任务”是正确的.C4[2016·全国卷Ⅱ]AWhat'son?Electric__Underground7：30pm—1：00am FreeattheCyclopsTheatre Doyouknowwho'splayinginyourarea?We'rebringingyouanexcitingeveningofliverockandpopmusicfromthebestlocalbands.Areyouinterestedinbecomingamusicianandgettingarecordingcontract(合同)?Ifso,comeearlytothetalkat7：30pmbyJulesSkye,asuccessfulrecordproducer.He'sgoingtotalkabouthowyoucanfindtherightpersontoproduceyourmusic.Gee__Whizz8：30pm—10：30pm ComedyatKaleidoscopeComeandseeGeeWhizzperform.He'sthefunnieststandupcomedianonthecomedyscene.Thisjoyfulshowwillpleaseeveryone,fromtheyoungesttotheoldest.GeeWhizzreallyknowshowtomakeyoulaugh!Ourbarisopenfrom7：00pmfordrinksandsnacks(快餐).Simon's__Workshop5：00pm—7：30pm WednesdaysatVictoriaStageThisisagoodchanceforanyonewhowantstolearnhowtodocomedy.Theworkshoplooksateverykindofcomedy,andpractisesmanydifferentwaysofmakingpeoplelaugh.Simonisacomedianandactorwhohas10years'experienceofteachingcomedy.Hisworkshopsareexcitingandfun.AneveningwithSimonwillgiveyoutheconfidencetobefunny.Charlotte__Stone8：00pm—11：00pm PizzaWorldFinefoodwithbeautifuljazzmusic;thisisagreateveningout.CharlotteStonewillperformsongsfromhernewbestsellingCD,withJamesPickeringonthepiano.ThemenuisItalian,withexcellentmeatandfreshfish,pizzasandpasta(面食).Bookearlytogetatable.Ourbarisopenallday,andservescocktails,coffee,beer,andwhitewine.1.Whocanhelpyouifyouwanttohaveyourmusicproduced?A.JulesSkye.B.GeeWhizz.C.CharlotteStone.D.JamesPickering.2.Atwhichplacecanpeopleofdifferentagesenjoyagoodlaugh?A.TheCyclopsTheatre.B.Kaleidoscope.C.VictoriaStage.D.PizzaWorld.3.WhatdoweknowaboutSimon'sWorkshop?A.Itrequiresmembershipstatus.B.Itlaststhreehourseachtime.C.Itisrunbyacomedyclub.D.ItisheldeveryWednesday.4.WhenwillCharlotteStoneperformhersongs?A.5：00pm—7：30pm.B.7：30pm—1：00am.C.8：00pm—11：00pm.D.8：30pm—10：30pm.【要点综述】这是一篇应用文.本文主要介绍了几个广告的具体内容,涉及音乐、喜剧表演和歌曲等活动的具体安排,如时间、地点等.1．A 细节理解题.根据文章第一部分中的“…JulesSkye,asuccessfulrecordproducer.He'sgoingtotalkabouthowyoucanfindtherightpersontoproduceyourmusic.”可知JulesSkye是一个成功的唱片制作人,他将会谈谈你如何找到正确的人帮助你制作音乐,由此可知A项与题意相符.2．B 细节理解题.根据文章的第二部分中的“He'sthefunnieststandupcomedianonthecomedyscene.Thisjoyfulshowwillpleaseeveryone,fromtheyoungesttotheoldest.”可知, 他是最滑稽的喜剧演员,因此他的演出会让不同年龄的人都感到快乐.3．D 细节理解题.根据第三部分广告中的“5：00pm—7：30pmWednesdaysatVictoriaStage”可知Simon'sWorkshop的表演是在每周三下午5：00至7：30之间进行.因此选D.4．C 细节理解题.根据第四部分中的“Charlotte__Stone8：00pm—11：00pmPizzaWorld”可知CharlotteStone将在晚上8：00至11：00之间演唱她最受欢迎的歌曲.C4[2016·全国卷Ⅲ]AMusicOperaatMusicHall:1243ElmStreet.TheseasonrunsJunethroughAugust,withadditionalperformancesinMarchandSeptember.TheOperahonoursEnjoytheArtsmembershipdiscounts.Phone:2412742.http：//www.cityopera.com.ChamberOrchestra:TheOrchestraplaysatMemorialHallat1406ElmStreet,whichoffersseveralconcertsfromMarchthroughJune.Call7231182formoreinformation.http:__//www.chamberorch.com.SymphonyOrchestra:AtMusicHallandRiverbend.Forticketsales,call3813300.RegularseasonrunsSeptemberthroughMayatMusicHallandinsummeratRiverbend.http：//www.symphony.org/home.asp.CollegeConservatoryofMusic(CCM):Performancesareonthemaincampus(校园)oftheuniversity,usuallyatPatriciaCobbettTheatre.CCMorganizesavarietyofevents,includingperformancesbythewellknownLaSalleQuartet,CCM'sPhilharmonicOrchestra,andvariousgroupsofmusicianspresentingBaroquethroughmodernmusic.StudentswithI．D.cardscanattendtheeventsforfree.Afreescheduleofeventsforeachtermisavailablebycallingtheboxofficeat5564183.http：//www.ccm.uc.edu/events/calendar.RiverbendMusicTheatre:6295KelloggAve.Largeoutdoortheatrewiththeclosestseatsundercover(pricedifference).Bignameshowsallsummerlong!Phone：2326220.http：//www.riverbendmusic.com.1.Whichnumbershouldyoucallifyouwanttoseeanopera?A.2412742.B.7231182.C.3813300.D.2326220.2.WhencanyougotoaconcertbyChamberOrchestra?A.February.B.May.C.August.D.November.3.WherecanstudentsgoforfreeperformanceswiththeirI．D.cards?A.MusicHall.B.MemorialHall.C.PatriciaCobbettTheatre.D.RiverbendMusicTheatre.4.HowisRiverbendMusicTheatredifferentfromtheotherplaces?A.Ithasseatsintheopenair.B.Itgivesshowsallyearround.C.Itoffersmembershipdiscounts.D.Itpresentsfamousmusicalworks.【要点综述】这是一篇应用文. 本文通过广告的形式介绍了几家举行音乐演出的剧场的信息.1．A 细节理解题.根据第一则广告OperaatMusicHall中“Phone：2412742.”可知,要想看歌剧应拨打电话2412742.2．B 细节理解题。根据第二则广告中的“…whichoffersseveralconcertsfromMarchthroughJune.”可知,5月份期间可以去听该音乐会。3．C 细节理解题。根据第四则广告的“Performancesareonthemaincampus(校园)oftheuniversity…StudentswithI．D.cardscanattendtheeventsforfree.”可知,学生凭身份证可以免费在PatriciaCobbettTheatre看演出。4．A 细节理解题。根据题干RiverbendMusicTheatre可知信息在最后一则广告中。再根据“Largeoutdoortheatrewiththeclosestseatsundercover(pricedifference)．”可知是露天剧场,其他几家剧场没有室外席位,因此“露天席位”是其特色。选项中的seatsintheopenair是outdoortheatre的同义替换。C4[2016·四川卷]ABasketballstatisticianhelpwantedTheAthleticDepartmentislookingforstudentstohelpassiststaffduringtheFall2016,Winter201617andSpring2017semesters.Studentsinthispositionwillbekeepinglivestatisticsduringbasketballgames.Studentsmustmeetallofthefollowingrequirements：·Goodcomputerskills·Availableeveningsandweekends·KnowingbasketballrulesandstatisticsStudentsinterestedinworkingfortheAthleticDepartmentshouldcontacttheAthleticCoordinatorattheirrespective(各自的)campuses.·TP/SSAthleticCoordinator,MichaelSimone,2405671308·RockvilleAthleticCoordinator,JorgeZuniga,2405677589·SpringfieldAthleticcoordinator,GaryMiller,2405672273·GermantownAthleticCoordinator,GauriChavan,240567691521.Whenwillthejobstart?A．InMay2016.B.InMay2017.C．InSeptember2016.D.InSeptember2017.22．Whoismorelikelytogetthejob?A．Sam,Englishmajor,memberofthecollegebasketballteam.B．Judy,ITstaffwithnightclasses,children'sbasketballteamcoach.C．Ted,computermajor,basketballfan,freeoneveningsandweekends.D．Molly,parttimeprogrammer,highschoolbasketballplayer,newmother. 23．WhomshouldyoucontactifyouwanttoapplyforthejobinRockville?A．Michael.B．Jorge.C．Gauri.D．Gary.【要点综述】本文是一篇应用文。这是一则招聘学生以协助篮球赛统计员的广告。广告介绍了这份工作的工作时间、要求和联系方式。21．C 细节理解题。根据文章第一段的“…duringtheFall2016,Winter201617andSpring2017semesters.”可知,这份工作是开始于2016年秋季,故答案为C。22．C 细节理解题。根据这份工作的三项要求Goodcomputerskills；Availableeveningsandweekends;Knowingbasketballrulesandstatistics可知,仅C项Ted同时具有这三个条件：电脑知识、晚上和周末有时间、了解篮球赛的规则和分数统计,故选C项。23．B 细节理解题。根据文章RockvilleAthleticCoordinator,JorgeZuniga,2405677589可知答案。C5文化教育类C5[2016·天津卷]CWhenJohnwasgrowingup,otherkidsfeltsorryforhim.Hisparentsalwayshadhimweedingthegarden,carryingoutthegarbageanddeliveringnewspapers.ButwhenJohnreachedadulthood,hewasbetteroffthanhischildhoodplaymates.Hehadmorejobsatisfaction,abettermarriageandwashealthier.Mostofall,hewashappier.Farhappier.Thesearethefindingsofa40yearstudythatfollowedthelivesof456teenageboysfromBoston.Thestudyshowedthatthosewhohadworkedasboysenjoyedhappierandmoreproductivelivesthanthosewhohadnot.“Boyswhoworkedinthehomeorcommunitygainedcompetence(能力)andcametofeeltheywereworthwhilemembersofsociety,”saidGeorgeVaillant,thepsychologist(心理学家)whomadethediscovery.“Andbecausetheyfeltgoodaboutthemselves,othersfeltgoodaboutthem.”Vaillant'sstudyfollowedthesemalesingreatdetail.Interviewswererepeatedatages25,31and47.UnderVaillant,theresearcherscomparedthemen'smentalhealthscoreswiththeirboyhoodactivityscores.Pointswereawardedforparttimejobs,housework,effortinschool,andabilitytodealwithproblems.Thelinkbetweenwhatthemenhaddoneasboysandhowtheyturnedoutasadultswassurprisinglysharp.Thosewhohaddonethemostboyhoodactivitiesweretwiceaslikelytohavewarmrelationswithawidevarietyofpeople,fivetimesaslikelytobewellpaidand16timeslesslikelytohavebeenunemployed.TheresearchersalsofoundthatIQandfamilysocialandeconomicclassmadenorealdifferenceinhowtheboysturnedout.Working—atanyage—isimportant.Childhoodactivitieshelpachilddevelopresponsibility,independence,confidenceandcompetence—theunderpinnings(基础)ofemotionalhealth.Theyalsohelphimunderstandthatpeoplemustcooperateandworktowardscommongoals.Themostcompetentadultsarethosewhoknowhowtodothis.Yetworkisn'teverything.AsTolstoyoncesaid,“Onecanlivemagnificentlyinthisworldifoneknowshowtoworkandhowtolove,toworkforthepersononelovesandtoloveone'swork.”46．WhatdoweknowaboutJohn?A．Heenjoyedhiscareerandmarriage.B．Hehadfewchildhoodplaymates.C．Hereceivedlittlelovefromhisfamily. D．Hewasenviedbyothersinhischildhood.47．Vaillant'swordsinParagraph2serveas________．A．adescriptionofpersonalvaluesandsocialvaluesB．ananalysisofhowworkwasrelatedtocompetenceC．anexampleforparents'expectationsoftheirchildrenD．anexplanationwhysomeboysgrewintohappymen48．Vaillant'steamobtainedtheirfindingsby________．A．recordingtheboys'effortinschoolB．evaluatingthemen'smentalhealthC．comparingdifferentsetsofscoresD．measuringthemen'sproblemsolvingability49．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“sharp”probablymeaninParagraph4?A．Quicktoreact.B．Havingathinedge.C．Clearanddefinite.D．Suddenandrapid.50．Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?A．Competentadultsknowmoreaboutlovethanwork.B．Emotionalhealthisessentialtoawonderfuladultlife.C．Lovebringsmorejoytopeoplethanworkdoes.D．Independenceisthekeytoone'ssuccess.【要点综述】本文是一篇夹叙夹议类的文章。约翰小时候父母会让他干一些力所能及的活儿,长大后他成了一个更快乐的人,由此作者得出结论：童年的劳作是非常重要的,它可以培养孩子的责任感、独立性、自主性以及解决问题的能力,这是精神健康的基础,它们与你精彩的成年生活息息相关。46.A 细节理解题。根据文章第一段的信息“Hehadmorejobsatisfaction,abettermarriageandwashealthier.”可知,约翰对自己的工作和婚姻很满意,故A项正确。47.D 推理判断题。第二段中,Vaillant通过四十年的研究得出结论：那些小时候在家里或者社区里干活儿的孩子获得了能力,感到自己对社会有价值。正因为他们自我感觉好,所以别人也觉得他们很好。由此可知,这些话解释了一些孩子成年后更快乐的原因,故D项正确。48.C 细节理解题。根据文章第三段的信息“UnderVaillant,theresearcherscomparedthemen'smentalhealthscoreswiththeirboyhoodactivityscores.”可知,Vaillant的团队是通过比较一些分数来得出结论的,而不是记录他们在学校里的努力(排除A项),评价他们的心理健康(排除B项),或者衡量他们解决问题的能力(排除D项),故C项正确。49.C 词义猜测题。根据文章第四段的信息“…twiceaslikelyto…fivetimesaslikelyto…and16timeslesslikelyto…”可知,人们童年的行为和成年后的样子之间的联系明显得让人吃惊。故sharp此处意为“clearanddefine(清楚和确定)”,故C项正确。50.B 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段可知,童年的劳动能够帮助一个孩子培养责任感、独立性、自信心和能力,这些都是一个人精神健康的基础,故emotionalhealth是本段的主题,B项“精神健康对于拥有美好的成年生活是至关重要的”是正确的。C5[2016·北京卷]DWhycollegeisnothomeThecollegeyearsaresupposedtobeatimeforimportantgrowthinautonomy(自主性)and thedevelopmentofadultidentity.However,nowtheyarebecominganextendedperiodofadolescence,duringwhichmanyoftoday'sstudentsarenotshoulderedwithadultresponsibilities.Forpreviousgenerations,collegewasadecisivebreakfromparentalcontrol;guidanceandsupportneededtocomefrompeopleofthesameageandfromwithin.Inthepasttwodecades,however,continuedconnectionwithanddependenceonfamily,thankstocellphones,emailandsocialmedia,haveincreasedsignificantly.Someparentsgosofarastohelpwithcoursework.Insteadofpromotingtheideaofcollegeasapassagefromtheshelterofthefamilytoautonomyandadultresponsibility,universitieshavegivenintotheideathattheyshouldprovidethesameenvironmentasthatofthehome.Toprepareforincreasedautonomyandresponsibility,collegeneedstobeatimeofexplorationandexperimentation.Thisprocessinvolves“tryingon”newwaysofthinkingaboutoneselfbothintellectually(在思维方面)andpersonally.Whileweshouldprovide“safespaces”withincolleges,wemustalsomakeitsafetoexpressopinionsandchallengemajorityviews.Intellectualgrowthandflexibilityarefosteredbystrictdebateandquestioning.Learningtodealwiththesocialworldisequallyimportant.Becauseacollegecommunity(群体)differsfromthefamily,manystudentswillstruggletofindasenseofbelonging.Ifstudentsrelyonadministratorstoregulatetheirsocialbehaviourandthinkingpattern,theyarenotfacingthechallengeoffindinganidentitywithinalargerandcomplexcommunity.Moreover,thetendencyforuniversitiestomonitorandshapestudentbehaviourrunsupagainstanothercharacteristicofyoungadults:theresponsetobeingcontrolledbytheirelders.Ifacceptablesocialbehaviouristoostrictlydefined(规定)andcontrolled,theinsensitiveoraggressivebehaviourthatadministratorsareseekingtominimizemayactuallybeencouraged.Itisnotsurprisingthatyoungpeoplearelikelytoburstout,particularlywhentherearereasonstodoso.Ourgenerationoncejoinedhandsandstoodfirmattimesofnationalemergency.Whatislackingtodayistheconflictbetweenadolescents'desireforautonomyandtheirunderstandingofanunsafeworld.Therefore,thereisthedesirefortheirdormstobereplacementhomesandnotplacestoexperienceintellectualgrowth.Everycollegediscussionaboutcommunityvalues,socialclimateandbehaviourshouldincluderecognitionofthedevelopmentalimportanceofstudentautonomyandselfregulation,ofthenecessarytensionbetweensafetyandselfdiscovery.67．What'stheauthor'sattitudetowardscontinuedparentalguidancetocollegestudents?A.Sympathetic.B.Disapproving.C.Supportive.D.Neutral.68．Theunderlinedword“passage”inParagraph2means“________”.A.changeB.choiceC.textD.extension69．Accordingtotheauthor,whatroleshouldcollegeplay?A.Todevelopasharedidentityamongstudents.B.Todefineandregulatestudents'socialbehaviour.C.Toprovideasafeworldwithouttensionforstudents.D.Tofosterstudents'intellectualandpersonaldevelopment.70．Whichofthefollowingshowsthedevelopmentofideasinthepassage? I：Introduction P：Point Sp：Subpoint(次要点) C：Conclusion【要点综述】本文讲述的是大学生自主性和成人的身份认同的相关情况。最近二十年来的大学生比以往的大学生更依赖家庭,对自己应负的社会责任和成长责任感下降。所以学校要加强学生的自主性、自我约束、安全和自我发现方面的工作。67．B 推理判断题。根据第一段的“…manyoftoday'sstudentsarenotshoulderedwithadultresponsibilities.”和第二段的“…universitieshavegivenintotheideathattheyshouldprovidethesameenvironmentasthatofthehome.”可知,作者对parentalguidance持反对态度。disapproving反对的,不赞成的；sympathetic同情的；supportive支持的；neutral中立的。68．A 词义猜测题。根据该词后fromtheshelterofthefamilytoautonomyandadultresponsibility可知,大学是家庭庇护所向自主和成年人的责任感过渡的通道(即答案中的“转变”),所以选A。choice选择；text文本；extension延伸。69．D 细节理解题。文中只说学生“…arenotfacingthechallengeoffindinganidentity…”,并没有说大学的责任在此,故A不正确；第五段中“Ifacceptablesocialbehaviouristoostrictlydefined(规定)andcontrolled,theinsensitiveoraggressivebehaviourthatadministratorsareseekingtominimizemayactuallybeencouraged.”说明过度限制和规定学生的社会行为会带来不良影响,所以B不正确。最后一段的“…necessarytensionbetweensafetyandselfdiscovery.”说明要向学生提供一定的紧张环境,而不是避免,故C不正确。D项是根据第三段“Thisprocessinvolves‘tryingon’newwaysofthinkingaboutoneselfbothintellectually(在思维方面)andpersonally.”而来的。70．C 文章结构题。第一段提出论点：大学阶段应该是自我能力和个性发展的重要成长时期,然而现在成了青春期的延伸期,在此期间,很多大学生没有承担起成年人的责任。第二段分析其原因：目前这一代人,大学阶段本来应该是独立阶段, 但是父母包办过多。第三、四段从学校、个人两方面谈到如何培养责任感和社交能力；第五、六段是第三、四段观点的延伸。最后一段呼吁大学应该意识到培养学生自我发展和自我规范的重要性。C5[2016·全国卷Ⅱ]CReadingcanbeasocialactivity.Thinkofthepeoplewhobelongtobookgroups.Theychoosebookstoreadandthenmeettodiscussthem.Now,thewebsiteBookCrossing.comturnsthepageonthetraditionalideaofabookgroup.Membersgoonthesiteandregisterthebookstheyownandwouldliketoshare.BookCrossingprovidesanidentificationnumbertostickinsidethebook.Thenthepersonleavesitinapublicplace,hopingthatthebookwillhaveanadventure,travellingfarandwidewitheachnewreaderwhofindsit.BrucePederson,themanagingdirectorofBookCrossing,says,“Thetwothingsthatchangeyourlifearethepeopleyoumeetandbooksyouread.BookCrossingcombinesboth.”Membersleavebooksonparkbenchesandbuses,intrainstationsandcoffeeshops.Whoeverfindstheirbookwillgotothesiteandrecordwheretheyfoundit.Peoplewhofindabookcanalsoleaveajournalentrydescribingwhattheythoughtofit.EmailsarethensenttotheBookCrosserstokeepthemupdatedaboutwheretheirbookshavebeenfound.BrucePedersonsaystheideaisforpeoplenottobeselfishbykeepingabooktogatherdustonashelfathome.BookCrossingispartofatrendamongpeoplewhowanttogetbacktothe“real”andnotthevirtual(虚拟).Thesitenowhasmorethanonemillionmembersinmorethanonehundredthirtyfivecountries.9.Whydoestheauthormentionbookgroupsinthefirstparagraph?A.Toexplainwhattheyare.B.TointroduceBookCrossing.C.Tostresstheimportanceofreading.D.Toencouragereaderstosharetheirideas.10.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“it”inParagraph2referto?A.Thebook.B.Anadventure.C.Apublicplace.D.Theidentificationnumber.11.WhatwillaBookCrosserdowithabookafterreadingit?A.Meetotherreaderstodiscussit.B.Keepitsafeinhisbookcase.C.Passitontoanotherreader.D.Mailitbacktoitsowner.12.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.Onlinereading:avirtualtourB.Electronicbooks:anewtrendC.AbookgroupbringstraditionbackD.Awebsitelinkspeoplethroughbooks【要点综述】本文是一篇说明文,主要介绍了网站BookCrossing.com建立的目的以及它是如何促进人们分享图书的。9．B 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“…bookgroups.Theychoosebookstoreadandthen meettodiscussthem.Now,thewebsiteBookCrossing.comturns…”可知,作者提到bookgroups的目的是引出下文要讲述的网站。10．A 代词指代题。根据第二段的“Thenthepersonleavesitinapublicplace,hopingthatthebookwillhaveanadventure,travellingfarandwidewitheachnewreader…”可知这里的it代指前面提到的book。11．C 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段的“BrucePedersonsaystheideaisforpeoplenottobeselfishbykeepingabooktogatherdustonashelfathome.”可知,这个想法就是让人们不那么自私,拿到书之后据为己有或者让书在书架上蒙上灰尘等,这样做的目的就是鼓励人们把书继续传递下去。12．D 主旨大意题。结合文章的第三段中的“…‘Thetwothingsthatchangeyourlifearethepeopleyoumeetandbooksyouread.BookCrossingcombinesboth.’”可知,这个网站把人生中最重要的两个主体即人与人以及人与书联系在了一起,因此D项符合本文主题。C5[2016·全国卷Ⅲ]DBadnewssells.Ifitbleeds,itleads.Nonewsisgoodnews,andgoodnewsisnonews.Thosearetheclassicrulesfortheeveningbroadcastsandthemorningpapers.Butnowthatinformationisbeingspreadandmonitored(监控)indifferentways,researchersarediscoveringnewrules.Bytrackingpeople'semailsandonlineposts,scientistshavefoundthatgoodnewscanspreadfasterandfartherthandisastersandsobstories.“The‘ifitbleeds'ruleworksformassmedia,”saysJonahBerger,ascholarattheUniversityofPennsylvania.“Theywantyoureyeballsanddon'tcarehowyou'refeeling.Butwhenyoushareastorywithyourfriends,youcarealotmorehowtheyreact.Youdon'twantthemtothinkofyouasaDebbieDowner.”Researchersanalyzingwordofmouthcommunication—emails,Webpostsandreviews,facetofaceconversations—foundthatittendedtobemorepositivethannegative(消极的),butthatdidn'tnecessarilymeanpeoplepreferredpositivenews.Waspositivenewssharedmoreoftensimplybecausepeopleexperiencedmoregoodthingsthanbadthings?Totestforthatpossibility,DrBergerlookedathowpeoplespreadaparticularsetofnewsstories:thousandsofarticlesonTheNewYorkTimes'website.HeandaPenncolleagueanalyzedthe“mostemailed”listforsixmonths.Oneofhisfirstfindingswasthatarticlesinthesciencesectionweremuchmorelikelytomakethelistthannonsciencearticles.HefoundthatscienceamazedTimes'readersandmadethemwanttosharethispositivefeelingwithothers.Readersalsotendedtosharearticlesthatwereexcitingorfunny,orthatinspirednegativefeelingslikeangeroranxiety,butnotarticlesthatleftthemmerelysad.Theyneededtobearoused(激发)onewayortheother,andtheypreferredgoodnewstobad.Themorepositiveanarticle,themorelikelyitwastobeshared,asDrBergerexplainsinhisnewbook,Contagious:WhyThingsCatchOn.12.Whatdotheclassicrulesmentionedinthetextapplyto?A.Newsreports.B.Researchpapers.C．Privateemails.D.Dailyconversations.13.WhatcanweinferaboutpeoplelikeDebbieDowner?A.They'resociallyinactive.B.They'regoodattellingstories.C.They'reinconsiderateofothers. D.They'recarefulwiththeirwords.14.WhichtendedtobethemostemailedaccordingtoDrBerger'sresearch?A．Sportsnews.B.Sciencearticles.C.Personalaccounts.D.Financialreviews.15.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.SadstoriestravelfarandwideB．OnlinenewsattractsmorepeopleC.ReadinghabitschangewiththetimesD.Goodnewsbeatsbadonsocialnetworks【要点综述】这是一篇议论文,讨论了新闻传播的规则,以及读者喜欢分享什么样的文章。12．A 细节理解题。根据第一段“Thosearetheclassicrulesfortheeveningbroadcastsandthemorningpapers.”可知文章开头引用的规则是应用于新闻报道的。故选A项。13．C 推理判断题。根据第二段可知,“ifitbleeds”规则用于大众媒体时只是为了吸引大众的眼球而不关心大众的感受,可是当你与朋友分享故事的时候,你更多关注的是朋友的反应。因为你不想让朋友认为你不考虑他人的感受。故选C项。14．B 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段可知,DrBerger和同事对电子邮件传播分析了六个月,他们发现科技板块比其他专栏更受欢迎。故选B项。15．D 主旨大意题。文章首尾呼应,根据第一段最后一句以及文章的最后一句“Themorepositiveanarticle,themorelikelyitwastobeshared…”可推断出,积极向上的报道传播更快,更受读者喜爱。故D项能概括全文。A[2016·安徽蚌埠第二中学高三12月月考]Nowadays,moreandmoreteenagersusesmartphones,tabletPCsandothermobiledevicesmorethaneverbefore.Andtheamountoftimetheyspendonthesedevicesisonlylikelytoincreaseinthefuture.Butareallthesechangesgood?Wesometimescallchildrenwhoareabletousemobiledevicesandtechnologyeasilydigitalnatives.Theycantext,email,getWiFi,anddownload.Someexpertssaythatlongperiodsoftimespentchattingtofriendsonline,playingvideogamesandlisteningtoMP3s,forexample,maypossiblychangehowtheirbrainswork.Thenthereisthequestionofprivacy.Alltheonlineactivitycreatesadigitalfootprint.Everytimeweshareaphotoorapostonsocialmedia,andeverytimewesearchforsomethingontheInternet,informationaboutouractivityisstoredsomewhere.Ourinabilitytocontrolwhathappenstoourchildren'sdigitalfootprintandtheirpersonalprivacyhasbigpossibilities.Itmightbecomenormalforcompaniestoasktheiremployeesfortheirsocialmediaqualifications.Wearealsobecomingmoreawarethatcompaniesandgovernmentsmaybeabletolisteninonourcommunications.Soitisimportanttomakeourchildrenbeawareofthepossibleresultsofoversharing.Anotherareawherethedigitalworldmayhaveabigeffectisineducation.Oneworryisthatkidswhospendalotoftimeonlineathomearesometimesunabletosocializeproperlywithotherchildrenwhentheyareatschool.Otherexpertspointoutthat,whenitcomestochildrenandtechnology,thechildrenaretheexperts,nottheteachers.Theysaythatweshouldstopseeingonlineas“bad”andofflineas“good”andthereisevidenceofinnovativeworkinsomeschools.So,dowereallyneedtorescueourchildrenfromthedangersofthedigitalworld?1.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleofthetext? A．Doweneedtorescueourkidsfromthedigitalworld?B．Shouldchildrenlearntousedigitaltechnology?C．Aretherechangesinchildren'sschoollife?D．Shouldteachersacceptchangesinourlife?2.Accordingtothesecondparagraph,whatisthepossibleeffectofdigitalchildhood?A．Childrencangrowupquickly.B．Childrencanreadtextsfluently.C．Children'swayofthinkingmaybechanged.D．Childrenmaybecomementallydisabled.3.AllthefollowingmayhappentoourdigitalfootprintsEXCEPT“________．”A．WhensurfingtheInternet,ourdigitalfootprintsaresavedB．SomebusinesssocietiesmaytakeadvantageoftheinformationC．GovernmentmaylookintoourcommunicationthroughtheInternetD．Digitalpicturesmaybeprintedbyourcomputerautomatically4.Whyaremanyteachersdoubtfulaboutdigitaltechnology?A．Becausesomestudentscannotdowellinstudies.B．Becausesometeachershaven'tchangedforyears.C．Becausesomestudentsaddicttodigitaltechnologyandcannotsocializewell.D．Becausesometeachersaddicttotraditiontechnologyandcannotteachwell.【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文,介绍了儿童过度使用手机等电子设备的不良后果,以此提醒我们要适度控制孩子使用电子产品的时间。1．A 主旨大意题。作者在本文中提出儿童使用手机等电子设备的现象,以此引起我们的疑问：既然电子技术对孩子有很大影响,那么我们需不需要控制孩子使用这些设备的时间？故A项正确。2．C 细节理解题。根据第二段的第三句“Someexpertssaythatlongperiodsoftimespentchattingtofriendsonline,playingvideogamesandlisteningtoMP3s,forexample,maypossiblychangehowtheirbrainswork.”可知,过度使用电子设备可能会影响孩子的大脑的思考,也就是说孩子的思考方式可能会发生变化。故C项说法正确。3．D 细节理解题。根据第四段前三句“Ourinabilitytocontrolwhathappenstoourchildren'sdigitalfootprintandtheirpersonalprivacyhasbigpossibilities.Itmightbecomenormalforcompaniestoasktheiremployeesfortheirsocialmediaqualifications.Wearealsobecomingmoreawarethatcompaniesandgovernmentsmaybeabletolisteninonourcommunications.”可知,当我们上网时,我们会留下记录,公司和政府可能会利用这些记录,故A、B、C三项都是我们上网时会遇到的情况,D项文章中没有涉及。故D项正确。4．C 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段的第二句“Oneworryisthatkidswhospendalotoftimeonlineathomearesometimesunabletosocializeproperlywithotherchildrenwhentheyareatschool.”可知,沉迷于电子设备的孩子可能在社会交往方面有问题。故C项正确。B[2016·江西上高县第二中学高三上学期月考]Beforeyourchild'sfinalexamandthegraduationannouncements,youfaceasignificanttask:choosingtherightcollegeoruniversity.Thereisno“onesizefitsall”approachtoselectingacollege—it'saverypersonalprocessformostteenagers.Considerawiderangeoffactorstohelpyourchildmakethebestpossiblechoice.Discusswithyourchildhisorherposthighschoolchoices,suchascollege,findingworkorstartingabusiness,orjoiningthearmy.Ifyoudeterminetogetherthatcollegeisthebestchoiceforyourchild,talkabouttheimportanceofcollege,andhisorherlongtermgoalsbygoingto college.Talktoyourchildaboutwhatheorshethinksisimportantinacollegeexperienceandshareyouropinionsaswell.Identifytheissuesthatwilldirectlyimpacthisorhercollegechoice,suchashisorhergrades,testscoresandfamilyfinances.Thenmakealistofthekeycriteriaforherdreamschool,includingfactorssuchastheschool'slocation,itssize,thetypesofprogramme,theafterschoolactivitiesavailableandthetypesoffinancialaidavailable.Prioritizetheitemsonyourchild'slist,atleasttotheextentofsortingitinto“musthaves”,“highlydesirable”and“nicetohave”categories.Putthesefactorsintoanonlinesearchenginespecificallydesignedtoidentifycollegesanduniversitiesthatbestmeetyourcriteria,suchasthatofferedbycollegeboard.org.Startwiththemostimportantcriteria,thenexperimentwithadditionalfactorstonarrowthesearchresultstoanumberyoucanworkwith,suchas10or20differentschools.Usethesearchresultsasaguidetofurtherfocusyourcollegesearch.Researcheachschoolbyreviewingitswebsite,requestinginformationdirectlyfromtheschoolandattendinglocalpresentationsabouttheschool.1.Theunderlinedword“Prioritize”inParagraph4probablymeans“________”．A．listinorderofimportanceB．writedownC．addtoD．doresearchinto2.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A．It'sbettertodecidethecollegeforyourchild.B．It'snecessarytotakeyourchild'sopinionintoconsideration.C．Thereisa“onesizefitsall”waytoselectacollege.D．Anonlinesearchengineisofgreathelptoyou.3.What'stheauthor'spurposeofwritingthepassage?A．Toargue.B．Topersuade.C．Tointroduce.D．Toamuse.4.Whichofthefollowingshowsthestructureofthepassage?A.B.C.D.①＝Paragraph1,②＝Paragraph2,③＝Paragraph3,④＝Paragraph4,⑤＝Paragraph5【文章大意】本文主要介绍了帮助孩子在高中毕业以后选择大学时所要考虑的诸多因素。1．A 词义猜测题。根据下文“…atleasttotheextentofsortingitinto‘musthaves’,‘highly desirable’and‘nicetohave’categories.”可知,至少要按照“必须有的”“很渴望的”“得到将会很高兴的”这些要求进行分类。也就是说该词表示按照重要性的顺序来排列。故A项正确。2．B 细节理解题。根据第三段第一句“Talktoyourchildaboutwhatheorshethinksisimportantinacollegeexperienceandshareyouropinionsaswell.”可知,我们在和孩子谈时,要考虑孩子的想法和意见。故B项正确。3．C 写作意图题。根据第一段的最后一句“Considerawiderangeoffactorstohelpyourchildmakethebestpossiblechoice.”可知,作者在本文中主要介绍的是如何帮助孩子做出选择,也就是说本文主要充当的是介绍的作用。故C项正确。4．D 文章结构题。本文第一段告诉我们在帮助孩子做出选择时要考虑各种因素,接着下面几段分别提出一个建议。D项总分结构是本文的结构模式。故D项正确。C6历史地理类C6[2016·四川卷]CInthedepthsoftheFrenchGuianeserainforest,therestillremainunusualgroupsofindigenous(土著的)people.Surprisingly,thesepeoplelivelargelybytheirownlawsandtheirownsocialcustoms.Andyet,peopleinthisareaareinfactFrenchcitizensbecauseithasbeenacolony(殖民地)oftheFrenchRepublicsince1946.Intheory,theyshouldlivebytheFrenchlaw.However,theirremotelocationsmeanthattheFrenchlawisoftenignoredorunknown,thusmakingthemintoaninterestingareaof“lawlessness”intheworld.ThelivesofthesepeoplehavefinallybeenrecordedthankstotheeffortsofaFrenchmanfromPariscalledGin.Ginspentfivemonthsinearly2015exploringthemostremotecornersofthisarea,whichsitsontheedgeoftheAmazonrainforest,withhalfitspopulationofonly250,000livinginitscapital,Cayenne.“IhaveaspeciallovefortheFrenchGuianesepeople.Ihaveworkedthereonandoffforalmosttenyears,”saysGin.“I'vebeenabletokeepfirmfriendshipswiththem.ThusIhavebeenallowedtogainaccesstotheirlivingenvironment.Idon'tseeitasalawlessland.ButratherIseeitasanareaoffreedom.”“Iwantedtoshowtheaudienceaphotographicrecordtouchingupontheuncivilizedlife,”continuesGin.“Iprefertoworkinblackandwhite,whichallowsmetoshowdifferentspecificworldsmoreclearly.”Hisblackandwhitepicturespresentaworldalmostlostintime.Thesepicturesshowpeopleseeminglypushedintoaworldthattheywereunpreparedfor.TheselocalcitizensnowhavetobalancetheirtraditionalselfsupportinghuntinglifestylewiththelifestyleofferedbythemodernFrenchRepublic,whichbringswithitnotonlynecessarystatewelfare,butalsoalcoholism,betrayalandevensuicide.28．WhydoestheauthorfeelsurprisedabouttheindigenouspeopleinFrenchGuiana?A．TheyseldomfollowtheFrenchlaw.B.TheyoftenignoretheGuianeselaw.C.Theyareseparatedfromthemodernworld.D.TheyarebothGuianeseandFrenchcitizens.29．GinintroducesthespecialworldoftheindigenousGuianeseas________．A．atourguideB.ageographerC.afilmdirectorD.aphotographer 30．WhatisGin'sattitudetowardsthelivesoftheindigenousGuianese?A．Cautious.B.Doubtful.C.Uninterested.D.Appreciative.31．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“it”inthelastparagraphreferto?A．ThemodernFrenchlifestyle.B.Theselfsupportinghunting.C.Theuncivilizedworld.D.TheFrenchRepublic.【要点综述】本文是一篇说明文。文章向读者介绍了在圭亚那雨林生活着的土著居民的生活。摄影师Gin用他的黑白照片记录了他们被时光遗忘的、自由的、有着自己的法律和社会风俗的生活。28．A 细节理解题。根据第一段的“Surprisingly,thesepeoplelivelargelybytheirownlawsandtheirownsocialcustoms.”可知,这里的人们大部分都按他们自己的法律和自己的社会风俗来生活；并根据“…theirremotelocationsmeanthattheFrenchlawisoftenignoredorunknown…”可知他们很少遵循法国的法律。29．D 细节理解题。根据第四段Gin所说的话中的photographic可知他是一名摄影师。30．D 推理判断题。根据第三段“…‘Idon'tseeitasalawlessland.ButratherIseeitasanareaoffreedom.’”可知作者并不认为这是一个没有法律的地方,而相反他把它看作是一个自由的地区。此处的anareaoffreedom透露出作者对这个地方土著人的欣赏之情。31．A 代词指代题。此处“…whichbringswithit…”意为：随之带来的有……。可知此处it指前面的lifestyleofferedbythemodernFrenchRepublic,即现代法国的生活方式。A[2016·海南海口湖南师大附中海口中学高三月考]Asearlyasthemid18thcentury,somepeoplebeganraisingdoubtsaboutMarcoPolo'stravels.TheypointedtoseeminglyobviousomissionsinhisdescriptionsoftheFarEast.In1995,historianFrancesWoodarguedinherbookDidMarcoPoloGotoChina?thatthefamousexplorerfromVenicenevermadeitpasttheBlackSea.ShenotedthathistraveljournalTheTravelsofMarcoPololeftouttheGreatWallofChina,chopsticksandteadrinkingamongotherdetails.Furthermore,ChinesedocumentsfromPolo'sdaymakenomentionoftheexplorerandhismen.WoodandotherscholarshavearguedthatMarcoPolobasedhistalesofChinaoninformationcollectedfromfellowtradeswhohadactuallybeenthere.Lastyear,ateamofItalianresearchersbecamethelatestskeptics(怀疑论者)tochallengePolo'saccounts.Theysaidthatarchaeologicalevidencedidn'tsupporthisdescriptionofKublaiKhan'sJapaneseinvasions.Now,however,researchbyHansUlrichVogelofGermany'sTubingenUniversitymighthelpproveMarcoPolowastrue.InanewbookMarcoPoloWasinChina,theprofessorofChinesehistorycounterstheargumentsmostfrequentlymadebyskeptics.HetriestoprovethatMarcoPolospokethetruth.Hesuggests,forexample,thatPolodidn'tincludetheGreatWallinhisbookbecauseitonlyachieveditsgreatimportanceundertheMingDynasty,severalhundredyearslater.VogelfurtherexplainsthatChineserecordsfromthe13thand14thcenturiesroutinelyavoidedsettingdownvisitsfromWesterners.HistoriansbeforehimhavetouchedontheseissueswhiledefendingMarcoPolo'shonour.ButVogelalsoreliesonanotherevidence:theexplorer'sverydetaileddescriptionsofcurrencyandsaltproductionintheYuanDynasty.AccordingtoVogel,PolodocumentedtheseaspectsofMongolChinesecultureingreaterdetailthananyotherofhistime.ThisisahintthattheVenetian reliedonhisownpowersofobservation.WillweeverknowwhetherMarcoPolotravelledtoChina?Perhapsnot,buttheconsequencesofhisrealorfictionaljourneyarestillfeltacrosstheglobe.OnereaderofTheTravelsofMarcoPolowasChristopherColumbus,whosteppedupontheNewWorldwhilefollowinginhisVenetianidol'sfootsteps.1．FrancesWooddoubtedMarcoPolo'stravel'stoChinabecausehisdescription________．A．missedsomeimportantcultureofChinaB．coveredsomuchabouttraders'lifeC．wasfullofobviousmistakesD．seemedlessdetailed2．Vogel'strustonMarcoPoloisbasedon________．a．theGreatWalldidn'tgainitsimportancethenb．recordsinYuanDynastymentionedPoloc．Polo'smentionofthecurrencyandsaltd．Polo'sotherworksarebelievablee．PolorecordedwhathesawingreatdetailA．a,b,dB．a,c,dC．a,eD．b,c3．Whichofthefollowingshowsthestructureofthetext?A.B.C.D.【文章大意】本文对马可·波罗是否来过中国进行了探究。1．A 细节理解题。根据文章第一段中的“ShenotedthathistraveljournalTheTravelsofMarcoPololeftouttheGreatWallofChina,chopsticksandteadrinkingamongotherdetails.Furthermore,ChinesedocumentsfromPolo'sdaymakenomentionoftheexplorerandhismen.”可知,她注意到他的游记中遗漏了中国的长城、筷子和饮茶以及其他细节；此外,中国当时关于马可·波罗的文献上没有提及他以及(跟随)他的人。故选A。2．C 细节理解题。根据文章第三段的“…Polodidn'tincludetheGreatWallinhisbookbecauseitonlyachieveditsgreatimportanceundertheMingDynasty,severalhundredyearslater.”以及第四段的“…theexplorer'sverydetaileddescriptionsof…anyotherofhistime.”可知,马可·波罗在他的书中没写到长城,是因为几百年后,在明代长城才显示了它的重要性。另外马可·波罗非常详细地描述了元代中国的货币和盐的生产。故选C。3．B 文章结构题。纵观全文,第一、二段讲的是一些人对马可·波罗是否去过中国的怀疑,指出他的描述有明显的疏漏。第三、四段主要是反驳上述观点。而最后一段是对上述的总结。故选B。C7社会生活类C7[2016·浙江卷]A “DidyouhearwhathappenedtoAdamlastFriday？”LindseywhisperstoTori.Withhereyesshining,Toribrags,“YoubetIdid.Seantoldmetwodaysago.”WhoareLindseyandToritalkingabout？Itjusthappenstobeyourstruly,AdamFreedman.Icantellyouthatwhattheyaresayingis(a)notniceand(b)noteventrue.Still,LindseyandToriaren'tverydifferentfrommoststudentshereatLintonHighSchool,includingme.Manyofourconversationsaregossip(闲话).Ihavenoticedthreeeffectsofgossip：itcanhurtpeople,itcangivegossipersastrangekindofsatisfaction,anditcancausesocialpressuresinagroup.Animportantnegativeeffectofgossipisthatitcanhurtthepersonbeingtalkedabout.Usually,gossipspreadsinformationaboutatopic—breakups,troubleathome,evendroppingout—thatapersonwouldratherkeepsecret.Themoreembarrassingorshamefulthesecretis,thejuicierthegossipitmakes.Probablytheworsttypeofgossipistheabsolutelie.Peopleoftenthinkofgossipersasharmless,butcruelliescancausepain.Ifweknowthatgossipcanbeharmful,thenwhydosomanyofusdoit？Theanswerliesinanothereffectofgossip：thesatisfactionitgivesus.Sharingthelatestrumour(传言)canmakeapersonfeelimportantbecauseheorsheknowssomethingthatothersdon't.Similarly,hearingthelatestrumourcanmakeapersonfeellikepartofthe“ingroup”．Inotherwords,gossipissatisfyingbecauseitgivespeopleasenseofbelongingorevensuperiority(优越感)．Gossipalsocanhaveathirdeffect:itstrengthensunwritten,unspokenrulesabouthowpeopleshouldact.ProfessorDavidWilsonexplainsthatgossipisimportantinpolicingbehavioursinagroup.Translatedintohighschoolterms,thismeansthatifeverybodyyouhangaroundwithislaughingatwhatJohnworeorwhatJanesaid,thenyoucanbetthatwearingorsayingsomethingsimilarwillgetyouthesamekindofnegativeattention.Thedo'sanddon'tsconveyedthroughgossipwillnevershowupinanystudenthandbook.Theeffectsofgossipvarydependingonthesituation.Thenexttimeyoufeeltheurgetospreadthelatestnews,thinkaboutwhyyouwanttogossipandwhateffectsyour“juicystory”mighthave.41．Theauthorusesaconversationatthebeginningofthepassageto________．A．introduceatopicB．presentanargumentC．describethecharactersD．clarifyhiswritingpurpose42．Animportantnegativeeffectofgossipisthatit________．A．breaksuprelationshipsB．embarrassesthelistenerC．spreadsinformationaroundD．causesunpleasantexperiences43．Intheauthor'sopinion,manypeopleliketogossipbecauseit________．A．givesthemafeelingofpleasureB．helpsthemtomakemorefriendsC．makesthembetterattellingstoriesD．enablesthemtomeetimportantpeople44．ProfessorDavidWilsonthinksthatgossipcan________．A．providestudentswithwrittenrulesB．helppeoplewatchtheirownbehaviours C．forceschoolstoimprovestudenthandbooksD．attractthepolice'sattentiontogroupbehaviours45．Whatadvicedoestheauthorgiveinthepassage?A．Neverbecomeagossiper.B．Stayawayfromgossipers.C．Don'tletgossipturnintolies.D．Thinktwicebeforeyougossip.【要点综述】很多人都喜欢在人背后说人闲话。一些流言蜚语满天飞,那为什么人们会喜欢传播这些呢？41.A 推理判断题。从文章第一段可知,作者用“‘Didyouhearwhathappened’…”示例的主要目的在于引出本文的话题“人们为什么喜欢说闲话”,由此可知答案为A项。42.D 推理判断题。从文章第三段的threeeffectsofgossip和第四段的“Animportantnegativeeffectofgossipisthatitcan…”可知,说闲话的一个负面作用是引起被说话对象的不愉快的体验,所以选D项。43.A 细节理解题。从第三段的“…astrangekindofsatisfaction…”和第五段的“…gossipissatisfyingbecauseitgivespeopleasense…”可知,很多人喜欢说人闲话的一个原因是可以从中获得某种满足感和快感,所以选A项。44.B 推理判断题。从倒数第二段的“ProfessorDavidWilsonexplainsthatgossipisimportantinpolicingbehavioursinagroup.”可知,说闲话会帮助群体成员观察自身的行为习惯。所以选B项。45.D 作者态度题。从最后一段的“Thenexttimeyoufeeltheurgetospreadthelatestnews,thinkaboutwhyyouwanttogossip…”可知,这里作者表明了自己的态度,告诉人们在说闲话时需要三思而后行,所以选D项。C7[2016·天津卷]BEverymanwantshissontobesomewhatofaclone,notinfeaturesbutinfootsteps.Ashegrowsyoualsoage,andyourambitionsbecomemoreunachievable.Youbegintorealizethatyourboy,inyourfootsteps,couldprobablyaccomplishwhatyouhopedfor.Butfootstepscanbemuddiedandtheycangooffindifferentdirections.MysonJodyhashatedschoolsincedayoneinkindergarten.Scienceprojectswaiteduntilthelastmoment.Bookreportsweren'twrittenuntilthefinalthreat.I'vebeenanewspapermanallmyadultlife.Mydaughterisauniversitygraduateworkingtowardshermaster'sdegreeinEnglish.ButJody?Whenheenteredthetenthgradehebecamea“votech”student(技校学生).They'recalled“motorheads”bytherestofthestudentbody.Whenasecretaryinmyofficefirstcalledhim“motorhead”,Iwasshocked.“Hey,he'sagoodkid,”Iwantedtosay.“Andsmart,really.”Ilearnedlaterthatmotorheadsare,indeed,different.Theyusuallyhavedirtyhandsandweardirtyworkclothes.Andtheydon'toftenmakeschoolhonourrolls(光荣榜)．Butbeingtheparentofamotorheadisitselfanexperienceineducation.Wewholabourincleanshirtsinofficesdon'thavetheabilitiesthatmotorheadshave.IbegantolearnthiswhenIhadmycarcrashed.Thecosttorepairitwasestimatedat$800.“Hey,Icanfixit,”saidJody.Idoubtedit,butlethimgoahead,forIhadnothingtolose.Myson,withothermotorheads,fixedthecar.Theygotparts(零件)fromajunkyard,andabilityfromvotechclasses.Thecostwas$25insteadof$800. Sincethatfirstrepairjob,abrokenairconditioner,anonfunctioningwasherandanontoastingtoasterhavebeenfixed.Neighboursandcoworkerstrusttheircarrepairstohim.Thesekidsarehappiestwhendoingrepairs.Theyjokeandlaughandarelivingintheirownrelaxedworld.Andtheirmindsarebrightdespitetheirdirtyhandsandclothes.Ihavelearnedalotfrommymotorhead:publishersneedprinters,engineersneedmechanics,andarchitectsneedbuilders.Mostimportant,Ihavelearnedthatfathersdon'tneedclonesinfootstepsoranywhereelse.Mysonmaynevermaketheschoolhonourroll.Buthemademine.41．Whatusedtobetheauthor'shopeforhisson?A．Toavoidbecominghisclone.B．Toresemblehiminappearance.C．Todevelopinadifferentdirection.D．Toreachtheauthor'sunachievedgoals.42．Whatcanwelearnabouttheauthor'schildren?A．Hisdaughterdoesbetterinschool.B．Hisdaughterhasgotamaster'sdegree.C．Hissontriedhardtofinishhomework.D．Hissoncouldn'twritehisbookreports.43．Theauthorlethissonrepairthecarbecausehebelievedthat________．A．hissonhadtheabilitytofixitB．itwouldsavehimmuchtimeC．itwouldn'tcausehimanymorelossD．othermotorheadswouldcometohelp44．Intheauthor'seyes,motorheadsare________．A．tidyandhardworkingB．cheerfulandsmartC．lazybutbrightD．relaxedbutrude45．Whatdidtheauthorrealizeintheend?A．Itisunwisetoexpectyourchildtofollowyourpath.B．Itisimportantforonetomakethehonourroll.C．Architectsplayamoreimportantrolethanbuilders.D．Motorheadshavegreaterabilitythanofficeworkers.【要点综述】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。本文主要通过介绍自己的儿子Jody,一个技校学生,作者从中明白了每个人都有自己的生活,都有自己的特殊的技能。孩子不必沿着父母的足迹走。他们有自己的道路和前途。41.D 推理判断题。根据第一段第三句话“Youbegintorealizethatyourboy,inyourfootsteps,couldprobablyaccomplishwhatyouhopedfor.”可知,作者原先希望儿子实现自己未能实现的目标,故D项正确。根据文章第一段中的“Everymanwantshissontobesomewhatofaclone…”可知,A项不正确；文章未提及作者希望儿子跟自己在外表上相像,排除B项；根据第一段最后一句话“Butfootstepscanbemuddiedandtheycangooffindifferentdirections.”可知,作者不希望儿子跟自己的人生方向不一样,排除C项。42.A 细节理解题。根据文章第三段中的“Mydaughterisauniversitygraduateworkingtowardshermaster'sdegreeinEnglish.”可知,作者女儿已经大学毕业,正在拿英语硕士学位, 所以作者女儿在学校里表现好,A项正确；还没拿到硕士学位,排除B项；根据文章第二段中的“Scienceprojectswaiteduntilthelastmoment.Bookreportsweren'twrittenuntilthefinalthreat.”可知,作者的儿子在学校里表现不好,作业不到最后一刻不写,而不是努力完成作业,排除C项；读书报告是到最后一刻才写,不是不会写,排除D项。43.C 细节理解题。由信息“…butIlethimgoahead,forIhadnothingtolose.”可知,让儿子修车不会给自己带来任何损失,故C项正确。44.B 细节理解题。根据倒数第三段第一句“Thesekidsarehappiestwhendoingrepairs.”可知,这些孩子是快乐的；由第二句“Theyjokeandlaughandarelivingintheirownrelaxedworld.”可知,这些孩子在他们自己的世界里是放松的；由第三句“Andtheirmindsarebrightdespitetheirdirtyhandsandclothes.”可知,尽管他们的手和衣服很脏,但是他们很聪明。由此可知,在作者看来,这些孩子是hardworking,cheerful,smart(bright)和relaxed,故B项正确。45.A 推理判断题。由倒数第二段最后一句话“Mostimportant,Ihavelearnedthatfathersdon'tneedclonesinfootstepsoranywhereelse.”可知,作者最后意识到,让你的孩子追随你的足迹是不明智的,故A项正确。C7[2016·全国卷Ⅲ]CIfyouareafruitgrower—orwouldliketobecomeone—takeadvantageofAppleDaytoseewhat'saround.It'scalledAppleDaybutinpracticeit'smorelikeAppleMonth.ThedayitselfisonOctober21,butsinceithascaughton,eventsnowspreadoutovermostofOctoberaroundBritain.Visitinganappleeventisagoodchancetosee,andoftentaste,awidevarietyofapples.TopeoplewhoareusedtothelimitedchoiceofapplessuchasGoldenDeliciousandRoyalGalainsupermarkets,itcanbequiteaneyeopenertoseetherangeofclassicalapplesstillinexistence,suchasDeciowhichwasgrownbytheRomans.Althoughitdoesn'ttasteofanythingspecial,it'sstillworthatry,asistheknobbly(多疙瘩的)Cat'sHeadwhichismoreofacuriositythananythingelse.Therearealsovarietiesdevelopedtosuitspecificlocalconditions.OneoftheverybestvarietiesforeatingqualityisOrleansReinette,butyou'llneedawarm,shelteredplacewithperfectsoiltogrowit,soit'sapipedreamformostappleloverswhofallforit.Attheevents,youcanmeetexpertgrowersanddiscusswhichoneswillbestsuityourconditions,andbecausethesearefamilyaffairs,childrenarewellcateredforwithapplethemedfunandgames.AppleDaysarebeingheldatallsortsofplaceswithaninterestinfruit,includingstatelygardensandcommercialorchards(果园).Ifyouwanttohavearealorchardexperience,tryvisitingtheNationalFruitCollectionatBrogdale,nearFavershaminKent.8.Whatcanpeopledoattheappleevents?A.Attendexperts'lectures.B.Visitfruitlovingfamilies.C.Plantfruittreesinanorchard.D.Tastemanykindsofapples.9.WhatcanwelearnaboutDecio?A.Itisanewvariety.B.Ithasastrangelook.C.Itisrarelyseennow. D.Ithasaspecialtaste.10.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“apipedream”inParagraph3mean?A.Apracticalidea.B.Avainhope.C.Abrilliantplan.D.Aselfishdesire.11.Whatistheauthor'spurposeinwritingthetext?A.Toshowhowtogrowapples.B．Tointroduceanapplefestival.C.Tohelppeopleselectapples.D.Topromoteappleresearch.【要点综述】这是一篇说明文,介绍了苹果节的一些情况。8．D 细节理解题。根据第二段的“Visitinganappleeventisagoodchancetosee,andoftentaste,awidevarietyofapples.”可知,参加苹果节活动是一次观赏并品尝各种各样苹果的好机会。故选D项。9．C 细节理解题。由第二段最后一句“…asistheknobbly(多疙瘩的)Cat'sHeadwhichismoreofacuriositythananythingelse.”可知,Decio这种罗马人种植的苹果让参观者眼睛为之一亮,它长着多疙瘩的猫头样的形状,更让人感到好奇。由此可知这种苹果非常罕见。故选C项。10．B 词义猜测题。由第三段的“Therearealsovarietiesdevelopedtosuitspecificlocalconditions…butyou'llneedawarm,shelteredplacewithperfectsoiltogrowit…”可知这个品种比较娇贵,种植它需要温暖、有遮蔽且肥沃的土壤,因此种植成功的可能性不大,由此可知答案。11．B 写作意图题。文章介绍了苹果节的时间、地点、影响及在苹果节上的活动及见闻,最后建议读者参观theNationalFruitCollection。由此可知作者写作此文的目的是向读者介绍苹果节的。故选B项。C7[2016·北京卷]ADearAlfred,December15,2014Iwanttotellyouhowimportantyourhelpistomylife.Growingup,IhadpeopletellingmeIwastooslow,though,withanIQof150＋at17,I'manythingbutstupid.ThefactwasthatIwasfoundtohaveADHD(注意力缺陷多动障碍).Anxiousallthetime,Iwasunabletokeepfocusedformorethananhouratatime.However,whensomethingdidinterestme,Icouldbecomeabsorbed.Inhighschool,Ibecamecuriousaboutthecomputer,andbuiltmyfirstwebsite.Moreover,IcompletedtheseniorcourseofComputerBasics,plusfiverelevantprecollegecourses.WhileIwasexploringmycuriosity,mydiseasegotworse.Iwantedtogotocollegeafterhighschool,butcouldn't.So,IwaskillingmytimeathomeuntilJune2012whenIdiscoveredtheonlinecomputercoursesofyourtrainingcentre.Sincethen,IhavetakencourseslikeDataScienceandAdvancedMathematics.Currently,I'mlearningyourProbabilitycourse.Ihavehundredsofprinterpaper,coveredinselfwrittennotesfromyourvideos.Thishasgivenmeapurpose.Lastyear,Ispentallmytimelookingforajobwhere,withoutdealingwiththepublic,Icouldworkalone,butstillhaveateamtotalkto.Luckily,Idiscoveredthejob—DataAnalyst—thismonthandhavebeengoingfullsteamahead.IwanttoprovethatIcanteachmyselfarespectfulprofession,withoutgoingtocollege,andbejustasgoodas,ifnotbetterthan,mycompetitors. Thankyou.You'vegivenmehopethatIcanfollowmyheart.Forthefirsttime,IfeelgoodaboutmyselfbecauseI'mdoingsomething,notbecausesomeonetoldmeIwasdoinggood.Ifeelwhole.Thisiswhyyou'resavingmylife.Yours,Tanis56.Whydidn'tTanisgotocollegeafterhighschool?A.Shehadlearnedenoughaboutcomputerscience.B.Shehadmoredifficultykeepingfocused.C.Shepreferredtakingonlinecourses.D.Shewastooslowtolearn.57.Asfortheworkingenvironment,Tanisprefers________.A．workingbyherselfB.dealingwiththepublicC.competingagainstothersD.stayingwithADHDstudents58.Taniswrotethisletterinorderto________.A.explainwhyshewasinterestedinthecomputerB.sharetheideasshehadforherprofessionC．showhowgratefulshewastothecentreD.describethecoursesshehadtakensofar【要点综述】这是一封书信,讲的是作者因患“注意力缺陷多动障碍”而不能和其他孩子一样正常学习,但是她参加了一个网上课程,并由此改变了她的命运。这封信就是讲她参加课程学习后向课程开设者讲述自己的收获与感谢。56．B 细节理解题。根据第四段的“WhileIwasexploringmycuriosity,mydiseasegotworse.Iwantedtogotocollegeafterhighschool,butcouldn't.”可知,Tanis没上大学的原因是无法集中注意力的疾病恶化了,也就是无法保持注意力,所以选B。57．A 细节理解题。根据第六段的“…Icouldworkalone,butstillhaveateamtotalkto.”可知Tanis希望能单独工作,所以选A。B项与原文矛盾,C和D项原文中没有依据。58．C 细节理解题。根据第七段的“Thankyou.You'vegivenmehopethatIcanfollowmyheart.”和最后一段“Thisiswhyyou'resavingmylife.”可知,Tanis写信的目的是表示感谢,所以选C。C7[2016·北京卷]CCaliforniacondor'sshockingrecoveryCaliforniacondorsareNorthAmerica'slargestbirds,withwinglengthofupto3metres.Inthe1980s,electricallinesandleadpoisoning(铅中毒)nearlydrovethemtodyingout.Now,electricshocktrainingandmedicaltreatmentarehelpingtorescuethesebigbirds.Inthelate1980s,thelastfewcondorsweretakenfromthewildtobebred(繁殖).Since1992,therehavebeenmultiplereintroductionstothewild,andtherearenowmorethan150flyingoverCaliforniaandnearbyArizona,UtahandBajainMexico.Electricallineshavebeenkillingthemoff.“Astheygointorestforthenight,theyjust don'tseethepowerlines,”saysBruceRideoutofSanDiegoZoo.Theirwingscanbridgethegapbetweenlines,resultinginelectrocution(电死)iftheytouchtwolinesatonce.Soscientistshavecomeupwithashockingidea.Tallpoles,placedinlargetrainingareas,teachthebirdstostayclearofelectricallinesbygivingthemapainfulbutundeadlyelectricshock.Beforethetrainingwasintroduced,66%ofsetfreebirdsdiedofelectrocution.Thishasnowdroppedto18%.Leadpoisoninghasprovedmoredifficulttodealwith.Whencondorseatdeadbodiesofotheranimalscontaininglead,theyabsorblargequantitiesoflead.Thisaffectstheirnervoussystemsandabilitytoproducebabybirds,andcanleadtokidney(肾)failureanddeath.SocondorswithhighlevelsofleadaresenttoLosAngelesZoo,wheretheyaretreatedwithcalciumEDTA,achemicalthatremovesleadfromthebloodoverseveraldays.Thisworkisstartingtopayoff.Theannualdeathrateforadultcondorshasdroppedfrom38%in2000to5.4%in2011.Rideout'steamthinksthattheCaliforniacondors'averagesurvivaltimeinthewildisnowjustundereightyears.“Althoughthesemeasuresarenoteffectiveforever,theyarevitalfornow,”hesays.“Theyaretrulygoodbirdsthatarewortheveryeffortweputintorecoveringthem.”63.Californiacondorsattractresearchers'interestbecausethey________.A.areactiveatnightB.hadtobebredinthewildC.arefoundonlyinCaliforniaD.almostdiedoutinthe1980s64.Researchershavefoundelectricallinesare________.A.blockingcondors'journeyhomeB.bigkillersofCaliforniacondorsC.restplacesforcondorsatnightD.usedtokeepcondorsaway65.AccordingtoParagraph5,leadpoisoning________.A.makescondorstoonervoustoflyB.haslittleeffectoncondors'kidneysC.canhardlybegottenridoffromcondors'bloodD.makesitdifficultforcondorstoproducebabybirds66．Thispassageshowsthat________.A.theaveragesurvivaltimeofcondorsissatisfactoryB.Rideout'sresearchinterestliesinelectricengineeringC.theeffortstoprotectcondorshavebroughtgoodresultsD.researchershavefoundthefinalanswerstotheproblem【要点综述】本文讲述的是科学家如何拯救加利福尼亚秃鹫的事情。63．D 细节理解题。根据第一段的“Inthe1980s,electricallinesandleadpoisoning(铅中毒)nearlydrovethemtodyingout.”和文章最后“‘Theyaretrulygoodbirdsthatarewortheveryeffortweputintorecoveringthem.’”可知,这种秃鹫引起研究人员的注意,是因为它们在20世纪80年代濒临灭绝。64．B 细节理解题。根据第三段中“Electricallineshavebeenkillingthemoff.”可知,电线是杀死秃鹫的元凶。65．D 细节理解题。根据第五段中“Thisaffectstheirnervoussystemsandabilitytoproducebabybirds,andcanleadtokidney(肾)failureanddeath.”可知, 铅中毒会影响秃鹫的神经系统、生育能力,也会引起肾衰竭甚至死亡,只有D项涉及生育困难,与原文相符。66．C 主旨大意题。文章开篇说明秃鹫濒临灭绝的情况,接着介绍了研究者采取的措施,最后用“Theannualdeathrateforadultcondorshasdroppedfrom38%in2000to5.4%in2011.”说明了措施的有效性。所以选C。C7[2016·江苏卷]BChimps(黑猩猩)willcooperateincertainways,likegatheringinwarpartiestoprotecttheirterritory.Butbeyondtheminimumrequirementsassocialbeings,theyhavelittleinstinct(本能)tohelponeanother.Chimpsinthewildseekfoodforthemselves.Evenchimpmothersregularlydeclinetosharefoodwiththeirchildren,whoareablefromayoungagetogathertheirownfood.Inthelaboratory,chimpsdon'tnaturallysharefoodeither.Ifachimpisputinacagewherehecanpullinoneplateoffoodforhimselfor,withnogreatereffort,aplatethatalsoprovidesfoodforaneighbourinthenextcage,hewillpullatrandom—hejustdoesn'tcarewhetherhisneighbourgetsfedornot.Chimpsaretrulyselfish.Humanchildren,ontheotherhand,arenaturallycooperative.Fromtheearliestages,theydesiretohelpothers,toshareinformationandtoparticipateinachievingcommongoals.ThepsychologistMichaelTomasellohasstudiedthiscooperativenessinaseriesofexperimentswithveryyoungchildren.Hefindsthatifbabiesaged18monthsseeanunrelatedadultwithhandsfulltryingtoopenadoor,almostallwillimmediatelytrytohelp.Thereareseveralreasonstobelievethattheurgestohelp,informandsharearenottaught,butnaturallypossessedinyoungchildren.Oneisthattheseinstinctsappearataveryyoungagebeforemostparentshavestartedtotraintheirchildrentobehavesocially.Anotheristhatthehelpingbehavioursarenotimprovedifthechildrenarerewarded.Athirdreasonisthatsocialintelligencedevelopsinchildrenbeforetheirgeneralcognitive(认知的)skills,atleastwhencomparedwithchimps.IntestsconductedbyTomasello,thehumanchildrendidnobetterthanthechimpsonthephysicalworldtestsbutwereconsiderablybetteratunderstandingthesocialworld.Thecoreofwhatchildren'smindshaveandchimps'don'tiswhatTomasellocallssharedintentionality.Partofthisabilityisthattheycaninferwhatothersknoworarethinking.Butbeyondthat,evenveryyoungchildrenwanttobepartofasharedpurpose.Theyactivelyseektobepartofa“we”,agroupthatintendstoworktowardsasharedgoal.58．Whatcanwelearnfromtheexperimentwithchimps?A．Chimpsseldomcareaboutothers'interests.B．Chimpstendtoprovidefoodfortheirchildren.C．Chimpsliketotakeintheirneighbours'food.D．Chimpsnaturallysharefoodwitheachother.59．MichaelTomasello'stestsonyoungchildrenindicatethatthey________．A．havetheinstincttohelpothersB．knowhowtoofferhelptoadultsC．knowtheworldbetterthanchimpsD．trustadultswiththeirhandsfull60．Thepassageismainlyabout________．A．thehelpingbehavioursofyoungchildrenB．waystotrainchildren'ssharedintentionalityC．cooperationasadistinctivehumannature D．thedevelopmentofintelligenceinchildren【要点综述】本文是一篇说明文,主要通过实验对比黑猩猩与儿童的主观能动性,最后得出结论：合作是人类的本性。58.A 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“…hejustdoesn'tcarewhetherhisneighbourgetsfedornot.Chimpsaretrulyselfish.”可知,黑猩猩很自私,这和A项中黑猩猩不关心其他猩猩的利益是一致的,故选A项。59.A 推理判断题。根据第三段的第二句话“Fromtheearliestages,theydesiretohelpothers,toshareinformationandtoparticipateinachievingcommongoals.”可知,孩子们很小的时候就渴望帮助他人,故选A项。60．C 主旨大意题。本文首段先讲述了黑猩猩之间的互动情况,接着通过实验把黑猩猩与儿童进行比较,然后说明原因,最后进行总结。根据末段内容可知即使是很小的孩子也有分享的愿望,他们愿意为一个共同的目标而奋斗。由此可见只有C项符合文意,即合作是人类独特的本性。C7[2016·全国卷Ⅰ]BGrandparentsansweracallAsathirdgenerationnativeofBrownsville,Texas,MildredGarzaneverplannedtomoveaway.EvenwhenherdaughterandsonaskedhertomovetoSanAntoniotohelpwiththeirchildren,shepolitelyrefused.OnlyafterayearoffriendlydiscussiondidMsGarzafinallysayyes.Thatwasfouryearsago.Todayallthreegenerationsregardthemoveasasuccess,givingthemacloserrelationshipthantheywouldhavehadinseparatecities.NostatisticsshowthenumberofgrandparentslikeGarzawhoaremovingclosertotheadultchildrenandgrandchildren.Yetthereisevidencesuggestingthatthetrendisgrowing.EvenPresidentObama'smotherinlaw,MarianRobinson,hasagreedtoleaveChicagoandmoveintotheWhiteHousetohelpcareforhergranddaughters.Accordingtoastudybygrandparents.com,83percentofthepeoplesaidMrsRobinson'sdecisionwillinfluencegrandparentsintheAmericanfamily.TwothirdsbelievemorefamilieswillfollowtheexampleofObama'sfamily.“Inthe1960swewereallalittlewildandcouldn'tgetawayfromhomefarenoughorfastenoughtoprovewecoulddoitonourown,”saysChristineCrosby,publisherofGrand,amagazineforgrandparents.“Wenowrealizehowimportantfamilyisandhowimportantitistobenearthem,especiallywhenyou'reraisingchildren.”Movingisnotforeveryone.Almosteverygrandparentwantstobewithhisorhergrandchildrenandiswillingtomakesacrifices,butsometimesitiswisertosaynoandvisitfrequentlyinstead.Havingyourgrandchildrenfarawayishard,especiallyknowingyouradultchildisstruggling,butgivingupthelifeyouknowmaybeharder.25.WhywasGarza'smoveasuccess?A．Itstrengthenedherfamilyties.B．Itimprovedherlivingconditions.C．Itenabledhermakemorefriends.D．Ithelpedherknowmorenewplaces.26.WhatwasthereactionofthepublictoMrsRobinson'sdecision?A．17%expressedtheirsupportforit.B．Fewpeoplerespondedsympathetically.C．83%believedithadabadinfluence. D．Themajoritythoughtitwasatrend.27.WhatdidCrosbysayaboutpeopleinthe1960s?A．Theywereunsureofthemselves.B．Theywereeagertoraisemorechildren.C．Theywantedtoliveawayfromtheirparents.D．Theyhadlittlerespectfortheirgrandparents.28.Whatdoestheauthorsuggestthegrandparentsdointhelastparagraph?A．Makedecisionsinthebestinterestsoftheirown.B．Asktheirchildrentopaymorevisitstothem.C．Sacrificefortheirstrugglingchildren.D．Gettoknowthemselvesbetter.【要点综述】本文是一篇说明文,主要介绍了社会上很多老年人搬到离子女近的地方居住的一种趋势,同时也建议老人们要做出适合自己的选择。25．A 细节理解题。根据首段末句“Todayallthreegenerationsregardthemoveasasuccess,givingthemacloserrelationshipthantheywouldhavehadinseparatecities.”可知,MildredGarza老人搬到离孩子近的地方居住,这让他们的关系更密切,一家人认为这是一件成功的事情。故选A。26．D 细节理解题。根据第二段末句“TwothirdsbelievemorefamilieswillfollowtheexampleofObama'sfamily.”可知,很多人会受MarianRobinson的影响,所以这会形成一种潮流。故选D。27．C 细节理解题。根据第三段首句“‘Inthe1960swewereallalittlewildandcouldn'tgetawayfromhomefarenoughorfastenoughtoprovewecoulddoitonourown,’saysChristineCrosby,publisherofGrand,amagazineforgrandparents.”可知,在60年代人们都希望离开家,以此来证明自己的独立。故选C。28．A 推理判断题。根据末段“Almosteverygrandparentwantstobewithhisorhergrandchildrenandiswillingtomakesacrifices,butsometimesitiswisertosaynoandvisitfrequentlyinstead.”推知,作者建议老人要明智地做出自己的选择。故选A。C7[2016·全国卷Ⅰ]DThemeaningofsilencevariesamongculturalgroups.Silencesmaybethoughtful,ortheymaybeemptywhenapersonhasnothingtosay.Asilenceinaconversationmayalsoshowstubbornness,uneasinessorworry.Silencemaybeviewedbysomeculturalgroupsasextremelyuncomfortable;thereforeattemptsmaybemadetofilleverygap(间隙)withconversation.Personsinotherculturalgroupsvaluesilenceandviewitasnecessaryforunderstandingaperson'sneeds.ManyNativeAmericansvaluesilenceandfeelitisabasicpartofcommunicatingamongpeople,justassometraditionalChineseandThaipersonsdo.Therefore,whenapersonfromoneoftheseculturesisspeakingandsuddenlystops,whatmaybeimplied(暗示)isthatthepersonwantsthelistenertoconsiderwhathasbeensaidbeforecontinuing.Inthesecultures,silenceisacallforreflection.Otherculturesmayusesilenceinotherways,particularlywhendealingwithconflictsamongpeopleorinrelationshipsofpeoplewithdifferentamountsofpower.Forexample,Russian,French,andSpanishpersonsmayusesilencetoshowagreementbetweenpartiesaboutthetopicunderdiscussion.However,Mexicansmayusesilencewheninstructionsaregivenbyapersoninauthorityratherthanberudetothatpersonbyarguingwithhimorher.Instillanotheruse,persons inAsianculturesmayviewsilenceasasignofrespect,particularlytoanelderorapersoninauthority.Nursesandothercaregiversneedtobeawareofthepossiblemeaningsofsilencewhentheycomeacrossthepersonalanxietytheirpatientsmaybeexperiencing.Nursesshouldrecognizetheirownpersonalandculturalconstructionofsilencesothatapatient'ssilenceisnotinterruptedtooearlyorallowedtogoonunnecessarily.Anursewhounderstandsthehealing(治愈)valueofsilencecanusethisunderstandingtoassistinthecareofpatientsfromtheirownandfromothercultures.32.Whatdoestheauthorsayaboutsilenceinconversations?A．Itimpliesanger.B．Itpromotesfriendship.C．Itisculturespecific.D．Itiscontentbased.33.Whichofthefollowingpeoplemightregardsilenceasacallforcarefulthought?A．TheChinese.B．TheFrench.C．TheMexicans.D．TheRussians.34.Whatdoestheauthoradvisenursestodoaboutsilence?A．Letitcontinueasthepatientpleases.B．Breakitwhiletreatingpatients.C．Evaluateitsharmtopatients.D．Makeuseofitshealingeffects.35.Whatmaybethebesttitleforthetext?A．SoundandsilenceB．WhatitmeanstobesilentC．SilencetoNativeAmericansD．Speechissilver;silenceisgold【要点综述】本文是一篇说明文,主要介绍了沉默在不同文化背景下的不同含义。32．C 细节理解题。根据文章首段首句“Themeaningofsilencevariesamongculturalgroups.”可知,作者认为沉默是有文化特色的。故选C。33．A 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“…justassometraditionalChineseandThaipersonsdo…whatmaybeimplied(暗示)isthatthepersonwantsthelistenertoconsiderwhathasbeensaidbeforecontinuing.”可知,中国人和泰国人认为谈话时人们的沉默是在思考。故选A。34．D 细节理解题。根据末段末句“Anursewhounderstandsthehealing(治愈)valueofsilencecanusethisunderstandingtoassistinthecareofpatients…”可知,作者建议护士用沉默的效果来帮助治疗病人。故选D。35．B 主旨大意题。文章主要介绍了在不同文化背景下沉默的不同含义,由此判断B选项可以概括文章内容。故选B。C7[2016·全国卷Ⅱ]DAnewcollectionofphotosbringsanunsuccessfulAntarcticvoyagebacktolife.FrankHurley'spictureswouldbeoutstanding—undoubtedlyfirstratephotojournalism—if theyhadbeenmadelastweek.Infact,theywereshotfrom1914through1916,mostofthemafteradisastrousshipwreck(海难),byacameramanwhohadnoreasonableexpectationofsurvival.Manyoftheimageswerestoredinanicechest,underfreezingwater,inthedamagedwoodenship.TheshipwastheEndurance,asmall,tight,NorwegianbuiltthreemasterthatwasintendedtotakeSirErnestShackletonandasmallcrewofseamenandscientists,27meninall,tothesouthernmostshoreofAntarctica'sWeddellSea.FromthatpointShackletonwantedtoforceapassagebydogsled(雪橇)acrossthecontinent.ThejourneywasintendedtoachievemorethanwhatCaptainRobertFalconScotthaddone.CaptainScotthadreachedtheSouthPoleearlyin1912buthaddiedwithhisfourcompanionsonthemarchback.AswriterCarolineAlexandermakesclearinherforcefulandwellresearchedstoryTheEndurance,adventuringwaseventhenathoroughlycommercialeffort.Scott'slastjourney,completedashelayinatentdyingofcoldandhunger,caughttheworld'simagination,andafilmmadeinhishonourdrewcrowds.Shackleton,aonetimeBritishmerchantnavyofficerwhohadgottowithin100milesoftheSouthPolein1908,startedabusinessbeforehis1914voyagetomakemoneyfrommovieandstillphotography.FrankHurley,aconfidentandgiftedAustralianphotographerwhoknewtheAntarctic,washiredtomaketheimages,mostofwhichhaveneverbeforebeenpublished.13.WhatdoweknowaboutthephotostakenbyHurley?A.Theyweremadelastweek.B.Theyshowedunderseasceneries.C.Theywerefoundbyacameraman.D.Theyrecordedadisastrousadventure.14.WhoreachedtheSouthPolefirstaccordingtothetext?A.FrankHurley.B.ErnestShackleton.C.RobertFalconScott.D.CarolineAlexander.15.WhatdoesAlexanderthinkwasthepurposeofthe1914voyage?A.Artisticcreation.B.Scientificresearch.C.Moneymaking.D.Treasurehunting.【要点综述】本文是一篇记叙文,主要介绍了Frank用图片使一次失败的南极航海活动重新进入人们的视野,让人们能够了解这次航海的许多信息。13．D 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“AnewcollectionofphotosbringsanunsuccessfulAntarcticvoyagebacktolife.”和第二段中“…theywereshotfrom1914through1916,mostofthemafteradisastrousshipwreck(海难)…”可知,这些照片使得一次不成功的南极航海活动重见天日。14．C 细节理解题。结合文章第三段的最后一句话“CaptainScotthadreachedtheSouthPoleearlyin1912buthaddiedwithhisfourcompanionsonthemarchback.”可知,斯科特船长早在1912年就到达了南极。15．C 细节理解题。根据文章中的“…startedabusinessbeforehis1914voyagetomakemoneyfrommovieandstillphotography.”可知,在1914年进行的这次航行主要是为了赚钱。C7[2016·四川卷]BIfyoucouldhaveonesuperpower,whatwoulditbe?Dreamingaboutwhetheryouwouldwanttoreadminds,seethroughwalls,orhavesuperhumanstrengthmaysoundsilly,butitactuallygetstotheheartofwhatreallymattersin yourlife．Everydayinourwork,weareinspiredbythepeoplewemeetdoingextraordinarythingstoimprovetheworld.Theyhaveadifferentkindofsuperpowerthatallofuspossess:thepowertomakeadifferenceinthelivesofothers.We'renotsayingthateveryoneneedstocontributetheirlivestothepoor.Yourlivesarebusyenoughdoinghomework,playingsports,makingfriends,seekingafteryourdreams.Butwedothinkthatyoucanliveamorepowerfullifewhenyoudevotesomeofyourtimeandenergytosomethingmuchlargerthanyourself.Findanissueyouareinterestedinandlearnmore.Volunteeror,ifyoucan,contributealittlemoneytoacause.Whateveryoudo,don'tbeabystander.Getinvolved.Youmayhavetheopportunitytomakeyourbiggestdifferencewhenyou'reolder.Butwhynotstartnow?Ourownexperienceworkingtogetheronhealth,development,andenergythelasttwentyyearshasbeenoneofthemostrewardingpartsofourlives.Ithaschangedwhoweareandcontinuestofuelouroptimismabouthowmuchthelivesofthepoorestpeoplewillimproveintheyearsahead.24．WhatdoestheunderlinedpartinParagraph2referto?A．Yourlifestyle.B.Yourlifevalue.C.Yourtroubleinlife.D.Yourlifeexperience.25．Whydoestheauthorsaytheyareinspiredeveryday?A．Theypossessdifferentkindsofsuperpowers.B.Theyhavegotthepowertochangetheworld.C.Somepeoplearoundthemaremakingtheworldbetter.D.Therearemanypowerfulpeopleintheirlifeandwork.26．WhatdoestheauthorstressinParagraph5?A．Learningmoreandcontributingmoretoacause.B.Risingaboveselfandactingtohelpothers.C.Workinghardtogetabiggeropportunity.D.Tryingyourbesttohelpthepoor.27．Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?A．Theauthorbelievesthelivesofthepoorestwillgetbetter.B.Muchmoreprogresswillbemadeinthenearfuture.C.Theworkonhealthisthemostvaluableexperience.D.People'seffortshavebeenmateriallyrewarded.【要点综述】此文倡导我们应该尽我们的微薄之力帮助那些贫穷的人们以改善他们的生活,让我们的世界变得更好,并实现自己的人生价值。24．B 词义猜测题。根据下文中的“…doingextraordinarythingstoimprovetheworld.”“…thepowertomakeadifferenceinthelivesofothers.”“Youmayhavetheopportunitytomakeyourbiggestdifference…”等及全文的阐述可知,此处whatreallymattersinyourlife(你生命中真正重要的事情)是指整篇文章所谈到的奉献自己的一点力量为那些贫穷的人做点力所能及的事情,以实现自己的人生价值。25．C 细节理解题。根据第三段“Everydayinourwork,weareinspiredbythepeoplewe meetdoingextraordinarythingstoimprovetheworld.”可知,这些人之所以激励着我们,是因为他们做了不寻常的事情来改善我们这个世界。26．B 段落大意题。根据这段话的关键语句“Butwedothinkthatyoucanliveamorepowerfullifewhenyoudevotesomeofyourtimeandenergytosomethingmuchlargerthanyourself.”可知,作者是要强调我们应该不仅仅要做好自我,更要超越自我,行动起来以帮助他人。27．A 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中的“Ithaschangedwhoweareandcontinuestofuelouroptimismabouthowmuchthelivesofthepoorestpeoplewillimproveintheyearsahead.”可知,这件事已经改变了我们,而且还会继续让我们乐观地相信,在未来最贫困的人们的生活将会得到改善。B[2016·四川广安、眉山、遂宁三市高三第一次诊断]GabbyLoganwasagymnastwhenshewasyoung.Sheisnowthe39yearoldmotherofsevenyearoldtwins,ReubenandLois.TheotherdayonTVshewasdressedinanewswimsuit,whichwasdesignedtoshowoffhernicefigure,whichwasadmiredbyagreatnumberoftelevisionviewers.Gabby,whowonhighpraiseforhertelevisionshowoftheOlympics,hasaskedthewomenofthewholenationtogototheswimmingpool,sayingthesecretofherfigureisregularswimming.SheisalsomakingadvertisementsforthenewSculptureSwimwearofSpeedo,aninternationalswimsuitcompany,tohelpwomenfindtheperfectswimsuit.Gabbysaid,“Weallfeltuneasyaboutgettingintoourswimwearatfirst.ButweshouldbeexcitedbythesportingachievementswehaveseenattheOlympicsthissummer.Togetourselvesalittlehealthier,haveatryandgototheswimmingpool.”Thenshesaid,“Swimmingistheperfectexerciseifyouwanttofeelhealthyorsimplyrelax.Ifindthatgoingforaswimalwaysclearsmymindandalsogivesmesomevaluabletime.IlikethecalmofswimmingwhichIcan'texperiencewhenIamnotinthepool.”AstudybySpeedoreportedthatthebiggestreasonwhywomenwereputoffgoingtothepoolwasthewaytheylookedinswimwear.Morethanhalfofthe1,000womensurveyedhavebeenreducedtotearswhentryingonswimwear.And48percentsaidtheyfelttooselfconscioustogoswimmingwiththeirchildren.SallyPolak,fromSpeedo,said,“We'rehopingtogivewomenthecourageandconfidencetogetbackintothewater.”1.WhatcanwelearnaboutGabbyLogan?A．Shehastwochildrenofthesameage.B．SheappearedonTVtoshowoffhernicefigure.C．Shewasaswimmerwhenshewasyoung.D．ShetookpartintheOlympicGameswhenshewasyoung.2.WhatisthemainreasonwhyGabbyhasanicefigure?A．Sheisagymnast.B．Sheoftenswims.C．Shehasapeacefulmind.D．ShewearsSculptureSwimwear.3.Thebiggestreasonwhymostwomenwerestoppedfromswimmingis________．A．theirshymindofwearingtheswimsuitB．theirbeingtoobusywiththeirhouseworkC．theirnotbeingcomfortableintheswimsuitD．theirbeingafraidoftheirchildseeingthemwearless 4．Whatistheauthor'spurposeofwritingthetext?A．Tointroduceafamouswoman.B．TodiscussaTVshowoftheOlympics.C．Toreportawayofkeepingagoodfigure.D．Toencouragewomentogoswimming.【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文。文章通过GabbyLogan的亲身经历告诉我们游泳对身材和健康的重要性。作者鼓励女士们克服害羞心理重返泳池。1．A 细节理解题。根据文章第一段中的“Sheisnowthe39yearoldmotherofsevenyearoldtwins,ReubenandLois.”可知她有一对7岁的双胞胎孩子,A项正确；根据第一段的“GabbyLoganwasagymnastwhenshewasyoung…TheotherdayonTVshewasdressedinanewswimsuit…”和第二段的“Gabby,whowonhighpraiseforhertelevisionshowoftheOlympics…”可知其他项错误,故选A。2．B 细节理解题。根据文章第二段中的“Gabby,whowonhighpraiseforhertelevisionshowoftheOlympics,hasaskedthewomenofthewholenationtogototheswimmingpool,sayingthesecretofherfigureisregularswimming.”可知,她身材好是因为她经常去游泳,故选B。3．A 推理判断题。根据第三段中的“‘Weallfeltuneasyaboutgettingintoourswimwearatfirst.’”和第四段中的“…thebiggestreasonwhywomenwereputoffgoingtothepoolwasthewaytheylookedinswimwear.”可知,女士们由于穿泳衣害羞,所以就不去游泳。故选A。4．D 写作意图题。文章通过GabbyLogan的亲身经历告诉我们游泳对形体和健康的重要性,并根据最后一句“…‘We'rehopingtogivewomenthecourageandconfidencetogetbackintothewater.’”可知,作者的目的是鼓励女士们去游泳。故选D。B[2016·山东师范大学附属中学高三上学期第三次模拟]Instagramisafast,beautifulandfunwaytoshareyourlifewithyourfriendsandfamily.Takeapictureorvideo,chooseafiltertotransformitslookandfeel,andthenpostittoInstagram—it'sthateasy.YoucanevensharetoFacebook,Twitterandmore.It'sanewwaytoseetheworld.SomanyphotosoffoodarecontainedonInstagram—nowapopupdinerinLondonistakingadvantageofthisnewtrendbylettingpeoplesettlethebillfortheirmealssimplybyuploadingphotosoftheirdishestosocialnetworks.Ialwaysthoughtpeople'stakingpicturesoftheirfoodwaskindofsilly,butatthisnewpopuprestaurantintheUK,I'dprobablydoittoo.“ThePictureHouse”istheworld'sfirstpaybyphotorestaurant—youorder,clickaphotoofthefood,shareonInstagramandeatforfree!Therestaurantbelongstofrozenfoodgiant(巨人)BirdsEye,whocameupwiththeideatocashinonpeople'saddictiontophotographingfoodandsharingthepicturesonline.TheyconductedasurveyandfoundoutthatmorethanhalfoftheBritishpopulationregularlytookpicturesoftheirmeals.Sotheyrealizeditwasabetterwaytoadvertisetheirnewdiningrange.ThepopupdinerwasopeninSoho,LondonforthreedaysinMay,andisnowmovingtoothermajorUKcities.Theyservetwocoursemealsthatcustomersdon'thavetopayfor,iftheyphotoandInstagramthem.TherestaurantisapartofBirdsEye's“FoodforLife”campaign,anewmarketingprojectthataimsatchangingthewaypeoplelookatfrozenfood.“Takingphotosoffoodenablespeopletoshowoffandtosharetheirmealtimemoments—fromtheeverydaytothespecial,”saidmarketingdirectorMargaretJobling.Thereactionto“ThePictureHouse”hasbeengreatsofar.Andthepaybypicture concepthasproventobeaneffectiveway.Alternativepaymentmethodsareactuallygainingpopularityamongalotofbusinesses.LastyearinacafeinGermanycustomerspaidbyhowmuchtimetheyspentthere,notbywhattheyate.1.Instagramprobablyis________.A．arestaurantfreeofchargeB．acampaignof“FoodforLife”C．aprogramusedtosharephotosD．anewmarketingproject2.What'stheauthor'sattitudetothisnewtrend?A．Confused.B．Unconcerned.C．Opposed.D．Interested.3.“ThePictureHouse”encouragessharingphotosofitsfoodto________.A．raisethepriceoffrozenfoodB．attractmorecustomersC．createanewsocialmediatrendD．rewardtheregularcustomers4.Whichofthefollowingcanserveasthebesttitleforthepassage?A．PaybypictureB．ThepopupdinerC．NoneedtopayD．“FoodforLife”【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文,介绍了伦敦的一种新的餐厅。“图片屋”是世界上第一个由照片支付餐费的餐厅——你预订,点击食物照片,在Instagram上分享,就可以免费享用那些食物。到目前为止,对“图片屋”的反应非常大,由照片支付的概念已经被证明是一种有效的方法。1．C 细节理解题。根据文章第一段的第一、二句“Instagramisafast,beautifulandfunwaytoshareyourlifewithyourfriendsandfamily.Takeapictureorvideo,chooseafiltertotransformitslookandfeel…”可知,Instagram以一种快速、美丽、有趣的方式来和你的朋友及家人分享你的生活。拍照片或视频,选择一个过滤器来改变它的外观和感觉。故选C。2．D 推理判断题。根据文章第二段的第一句“Ialwaysthoughtpeople'stakingpicturesoftheirfoodwaskindofsilly,butatthisnewpopuprestaurantintheUK,I'dprobablydoittoo.”可知,“我”总是认为人们为他们的食物拍照片是愚蠢的,但在这个新的餐馆,“我”很可能也会这样做。故选D。3．B 推理判断题。根据文章第三段的“Theyconducted…range.”以及最后一段“Thereactionto‘ThePictureHouse’hasbeengreatsofar.Andthepaybypictureconcepthasproventobeaneffectiveway.”可知,“图片屋”鼓励人们分享它的食物的照片是为了吸引更多的顾客并且这一做法取得了很好的效果。故选B。4．A 主旨大意题。根据文章第二段的第二句“‘ThePictureHouse’istheworld'sfirstpaybyphotorestaurant—youorder,clickaphotoofthefood,shareonInstagramandeatforfree！”可知,“图片屋”是世界上第一个由照片支付餐费的餐厅——你预订,点击食物照片,在Instagram上分享,就可以免费享用那些食物。故选A。C8科普知识类C8[2016·江苏卷]CElNiño,aSpanishtermfor“theChristchild”,wasnamedbySouthAmericanfishermenwhonoticedthattheglobalweatherpattern,whichhappenseverytwotosevenyears,reducedthe amountoffishescaughtaroundChristmas.ElNiñoseeswarmwater,collectedoverseveralyearsinthewesternPacific,flowbackeastwardswhenwindsthatnormallyblowwestwardsweaken,orsometimestheotherwayround.Theweathereffects,bothgoodandbad,arefeltinmanyplaces.RichcountriesgainmorefrompowerfulNiños,onbalance,thantheylose.AstudyfoundthatastrongNiñoin199798helpedAmerica'seconomygrowby$15billion,partlybecauseofbetteragriculturalharvests:farmersintheMidwestgainedfromextrarain.Thetotalriseinagriculturalincomesinrichcountriesisgreaterthanthefallinpoorones.ButinIndonesiaextremelydryforestsareinflames.Amultiyeardrought(干旱)insoutheastBrazilisbecomingworse.ThoughheavyrainsbroughtaboutbyElNiñomayrelievethedroughtinCalifornia,theyarelikelytocausesurfacefloodingandotherdisasters.ThemostrecentpowerfulNiño,in199798,killedaround21,000peopleandcauseddamageworth$36billionaroundtheglobe.ButsuchNiñoscomewithmonthsofwarning,andsomuchisknownabouthowtheyhappenthatgovernmentscanprepare.AccordingtotheOverseasDevelopmentInstitute(ODI),however,just12%ofdisasterrelieffundinginthepasttwodecadeshasgoneonreducingrisksinadvance,ratherthanrecoveryandrebuildingafterwards.Thisisdespiteevidencethatadollarspentonriskreductionsavesatleasttwoonreconstruction.Simpleimprovementstoinfrastructure(基础设施)canreducethespreadofdisease.Bettersewers(下水道)makeitlesslikelythatheavyrainisfollowedbyanoutbreakofthediseaseofbadstomach.Strongerbridgesmeanvillagesarelesslikelytobeleftwithoutfoodandmedicineafterfloods.Accordingtoapaperin2011byMrHsiangandcoauthors,civilconflictisrelatedtoElNiño'sharmfuleffects—andthepoorerthecountry,thestrongerthelink.Thoughtherelationshipmaynotbecausal,helpingdividedcommunitiestopreparefordisasterswouldatleastreducetheriskthatthosedisastersarefollowedbykillingandwoundingpeople.SincethepoorestareleastlikelytomakeupfortheirlossesfromdisasterslinkedtoElNiño,reducingtheirlossesneedstobethepriority.61．WhatcanwelearnaboutElNiñoinParagraph1?A．ItisnamedafteraSouthAmericanfisherman.B．Ittakesplacealmosteveryyearallovertheworld.C．ItforcesfishermentostopcatchingfisharoundChristmas.D．Itseesthechangesofwaterflowdirectionintheocean.62．WhatmayElNiñosbringabouttothecountriesaffected?A．Agriculturalharvestsinrichcountriesfall.B．Droughtsbecomemoreharmfulthanfloods.C．Richcountries'gainsaregreaterthantheirlosses.D．Poorcountriessufferlessfromdroughtseconomically.63．ThedataprovidedbyODIinParagraph4suggestthat________．A．moreinvestmentshouldgotoriskreductionB．governmentsofpoorcountriesneedmoreaidC．victimsofElNiñodeservemorecompensationD．recoveryandreconstructionshouldcomefirst64．Whatistheauthor'spurposeinwritingthepassage?A．TointroduceElNiñoanditsorigin.B．ToexplaintheconsequencesofElNiño. C．ToshowwaysoffightingagainstElNiño.D．TourgepeopletoprepareforElNiño.【要点综述】本文是一篇科普文,是对厄尔尼诺现象以及其危害等相关情况的介绍。61.D 细节理解题。根据第一段第二句“ElNiñoseeswarmwater,collectedoverseveralyearsinthewesternPacific,flowbackeastwardswhenwindsthatnormallyblowwestwardsweaken,orsometimestheotherwayround.”可知,厄尔尼诺现象引起了海水流向的变化,故选D项。62.C 细节理解题。根据第二段第二句“RichcountriesgainmorefrompowerfulNiños,onbalance,thantheylose.”以及下文美国经济因为厄尔尼诺现象得以增长可知,厄尔尼诺现象使得富有国家获得的比失去的更多,故选C项。63.A 推理判断题。根据第四段中的“…just12%ofdisasterrelieffundinginthepasttwodecadeshasgoneonreducingrisksinadvance,ratherthanrecoveryandrebuildingafterwards.Thisisdespiteevidencethatadollarspentonriskreductionsavesatleasttwoonreconstruction.”可知,只有12%的赈灾资金被用于灾害的预防工作,而大部分的资金都用于灾后的恢复和重建工作了。然而事实是,在灾害预防上投入更多的资金才是更划算的,故选A项。64.D 写作意图题。本文主要介绍了厄尔尼诺现象以及其危害等相关情况,所以本文的目的是让人们对厄尔尼诺现象做好充分的准备,故选D项。C8[2016·四川卷]DAwarmdrinkofmilkbeforebedhaslongbeenthebestchoiceforthosewantingagoodnight'ssleep.Butnowastudyhasfounditreallydoeshelppeoplenodoff—ifitismilkedfromacowatnight.Researchershavediscoveredthat“nightmilk”containsmoremelatonin(褪黑激素),whichhasbeenproventohelppeoplefeelsleepyandreduceanxiety.Thestudy,byresearchersfromSeoul,SouthKorea,involvedmicebeingfedwithdriedmilkpowdermadefromcowsmilkedbothduringthedayandatnight.Thosegivennightmilk,whichcontained10timestheamountofmelatonin,werelessactiveandlessanxiousthanthosefedwiththemilkcollectedduringdaytime,accordingtothestudypublishedinTheJournalofMedicinalFood.Nightmilkquickenedthestartofsleepandcausedthemicetosleeplonger.Whiletheeffectofcowsmilkharvestedatdifferenttimehasnotbeentestedonhumansuptonow,takingmelatonindrugshasbeensuggestedtothosewhoarestrugglingtofallasleepatnight.Previousstudieshavealsoindicatedthatmilkcanbeexcellentforhelpingsleepbecauseofthecalciumcontent,whichhelpspeopletorelax.Milkisalsosugarfreeandadditivefreewithnutritionistsrecommendingskimmedmilkasthebestchoicebeforebedasitistheleastfattening.Themorefatyoutakeinbeforebedtime,thegreaterburdenyouwillputonyourbodyatnight.32．Accordingtothetext,themicefedwithdaytimemilk________．A．startedsleepmoreeasilyB.weremoreanxiousC.werelessactiveD.wokeuplater33．WhichofthefollowingisTRUEofmelatoninaccordingtothetext?A．It'sbeentestedonmicefortentimes. B．Itcanmakepeoplemoreenergetic.C．Itexistsinmilkingreatamount.D.It'susedinsleepingdrugs.34．Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A．NightmilkandsleepB.Fat,sugarandhealthC.AnexperimentonmiceD.Milkdrinkingandhealth35．Howdoestheauthorsupportthethemeofthetext?A．Bygivingexamples.B.Bystatingarguments.C.Byexplainingstatisticaldata.D.Byprovidingresearchresults.【要点综述】本文是一篇议论文。文章通过研究结果向读者证明了夜晚挤的牛奶,因其含有更多的褪黑激素,更有助于人们的睡眠。32．B 细节理解题。根据第四段的“Thosegivennightmilk,whichcontained10timestheamountofmelatonin,werelessactiveandlessanxiousthanthosefedwiththemilkcollectedduringdaytime…”可知被喂了白天所挤的牛奶的老鼠比喂了夜晚所挤的牛奶的老鼠更加活跃和焦虑。33．D 推理判断题。根据第六段的“…takingmelatonindrugshasbeensuggestedtothosewhoarestrugglingtofallasleepatnight.”可知,褪黑激素类药物是有助于晚上入睡有困难的人入睡。由此可知,褪黑激素会被用于安眠药物中。34．A 主旨大意题。通读全文可知,文章用研究结果向我们阐释了夜晚挤下的牛奶中含有更多的褪黑激素,更有助于我们睡眠。故答案为A。35．D 写作手法题。文章主要通过用白天与晚上所挤的牛奶对老鼠所做的实验结果证明了nightmilk会加速入睡并让睡眠时间更长,故选D项。C8[2016·天津卷]DFailureisprobablythemostexhaustingexperienceapersoneverhas.Thereisnothingmoretiringthannotsucceeding.Weexperiencethistirednessintwoways:asstartupfatigue(疲惫)andperformancefatigue.Intheformercase,wekeepputtingoffataskbecauseitiseithertooboringortoodifficult.Andthelongerwedelayit,themoretiredwefeel.Suchstartupfatigueisveryreal,evenifnotactuallyphysical,notsomethinginourmusclesandbones.Thesolutionisobviousthoughperhapsnoteasytoapply:alwayshandlethemostdifficultjobfirst.Yearsago,Iwasaskedtowrite102essaysonthegreatideasofsomefamousauthors.Applyingmyownrule,Ideterminedtowritetheminalphabeticalorder(按字母顺序),neverlettingmyselfleaveoutatoughidea.AndIalwaysstartedtheday'sworkwiththedifficulttaskofessaywriting.Experienceprovedthattheruleworks.Performancefatigueismoredifficulttohandle.Thoughwillingtogetstarted,wecannotseemtodothejobright.Itsdifficultiesappearsogreatthat,howeverhardwework,wefailagainandagain.Insuchasituation,IworkashardasIcan—thenlettheunconscioustakeover.WhenplanningEncyclopaediaBritannica(《大英百科全书》),Ihadtocreateatableof contentsbasedonthetopicsofitsarticles.Nothinglikethishadeverbeendonebefore,anddayafterdayIkeptcomingupwithsolutions,butnoneofthemworked.Myfatiguebecamealmostunbearable.Oneday,mentallyexhausted,Iwrotedownallthereasonswhythisproblemcouldnotbesolved.Itriedtoconvincemyselfthatthetroublewaswiththeproblemitself,notwithme.Relieved,Isatbackinaneasychairandfellasleep.Anhourlater,Iwokeupsuddenlywiththesolutionclearlyinmind.Intheweeksthatfollowed,thesolutionwhichhadcomeupinmyunconsciousmindprovedcorrectateverystep.ThoughIworkedashardasbefore,Ifeltnofatigue.Successwasnowasexcitingasfailurehadbeendepressing.Humanbeings,Ibelieve,musttrytosucceed.Success,then,meansneverfeelingtired.51．Peoplewithstartupfatiguearemostlikelyto________．A．delaytasksB．workhardC．seekhelpD．acceptfailure52．Whatdoestheauthorrecommenddoingtopreventstartupfatigue?A．Writingessaysinstrictorder.B．Buildingupphysicalstrength.C．Leavingoutthetoughestideas.D．Dealingwiththehardesttaskfirst.53．Onwhatoccasiondoesapersonprobablysufferfromperformancefatigue?A．Beforestartingadifficulttask.B．Whenallthesolutionsfail.C．Ifthejobisratherboring.D．Afterfindingawayout.54．Accordingtotheauthor,theunconsciousmindmayhelpus________．A．ignorementalproblemsB．getsomenicesleepC．gaincompletereliefD．findtherightsolution55．Whatcouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A．SuccessisbuiltuponfailureB．HowtohandleperformancefatigueC．Gettingoverfatigue:awaytosuccessD．Fatigue:anearlysignofhealthproblems【要点综述】本文是一篇议论文。文章先提出我们的疲惫有两种不同的表现方式,即startupfatigue和performancefatigue；然后具体指出这两种方式的表现以及解决办法,最后点明主题：成功意味着克服疲惫。51.A 细节理解题。根据文章第二段中的信息“Intheformercase,wekeepputtingoffatask…”可知,startupfatigue最可能会推迟需要做的事情,即A项的delaytasks(推迟任务),文中puttingoffatask和选项中的delaytasks是同义表达。文章没提到这种人努力工作,寻求帮助或接受失败,故A项正确。52.D 细节理解题。根据文章第三段中的信息“Thesolutionisobviousthoughperhapsnot easytoapply:alwayshandlethemostdifficultjobfirst.”可知,作者建议要想避免startupfatigue,就要从最难的事情做起,故D项正确。53.B 推理判断题。根据文章第五段中的信息“Thoughwillingtogetstarted,wecannotseemtodothejobright.Itsdifficultiesappearsogreatthat,howeverhardwework,wefailagainandagain.”可知,当我们不管怎么努力都一次次失败的时候,performancefatigue就出现了,故B项正确。54.D 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的信息“…thesolutionwhichhadcomeupinmyunconsciousmindprovedcorrectateverystep.”可知,作者认为这些unconsciousminds(无意识的想法)可能会帮助我们找到问题的解决办法,故D项正确。55.C 主旨大意题。文章主要告诉我们如何克服疲惫,找到成功之路,这和C项相对应,点明了主题,故C项正确。C8[2016·浙江卷]CAscientistworkingatherlabbenchandasixmontholdbabyplayingwithhisfoodmightseemtohavelittleincommon.Afterall,thescientistisengagedinseriousresearchtouncovertheverynatureofthephysicalworld,andthebabyis,well,justplaying…right？Perhaps,butsomedevelopmentalpsychologists(心理学家)havearguedthatthis“play”ismorelikeascientificinvestigationthanonemightthink.Takeacloserlookatthebabyplayingatthetable.Eachtimethebowlofriceispushedoverthetableedge,itfallstotheground—and,intheprocess,itbringsoutimportantevidenceabouthowphysicalobjectsinteract(相互作用);bowlsofricedonotfloatinmidair,butrequiresupporttoremainstable.Itislikelythatbabiesarenotbornknowingthebasicfactoftheuniverse;noraretheyeverclearlytaughtit.Instead,babiesmayformanunderstandingofobjectsupportthroughrepeatedexperimentsandthenbuildonthisknowledgetolearnevenmoreabouthowobjectsinteract.Thoughtheirrangesandtoolsdiffer,thebaby'sinvestigationandthescientist'sexperimentappeartosharethesameaim(tolearnaboutthenaturalworld),overallapproach(gatheringdirectevidencefromtheworld),andlogic(aremyobservationswhatIexpected？)．Somepsychologistssuggestthatyoungchildrenlearnaboutmorethanjustthephysicalworldinthisway—thattheyinvestigatehumanpsychologyandtherulesoflanguageusingsimilarmeans.Forexample,itmayonlybethroughrepeatedexperiments,evidencegathering,andfinallyoverturningatheory,thatababywillcometoaccepttheideathatotherpeoplecanhavedifferentviewsanddesiresfromwhatheorshehas,forexample,unlikethechild,Mummyactuallydoesn'tlikeDovechocolate.Viewingchildhooddevelopmentasascientificinvestigationthrowslightonhowchildrenlearn,butitalsooffersaninspiringlookatscienceandscientists.Whydoyoungchildrenandscientistsseemtobesomuchalike?Psychologistshavesuggestedthatscienceasaneffort—thedesiretoexplore,explain,andunderstandourworld—issimplysomethingthatcomesfromourbabyhood.Perhapsevolution(进化)providedhumanbabieswithcuriosityandanaturaldrivetoexplaintheirworlds,andadultscientistssimplymakeuseofthesamedrivethatservedthemaschildren.Thesamecognitive(认知的)systemsthatmakeyoungchildrenfeelgoodaboutfiguringsomethingoutmayhavebeenadoptedbyadultscientists.Assomepsychologistsputit,“Itisnotthatchildrenarelittlescientistsbutthatscientistsarebigchildren.”50．Accordingtosomedevelopmentalpsychologists,________． A.ababy'splayisnothingmorethanagameB.scientificresearchintobabies'gamesispossibleC.thenatureofbabies'playhasbeenthoroughlyinvestigatedD.ababy'splayissomehowsimilartoascientist'sexperiment51．WelearnfromParagraph2that________．A.scientistsandbabiesseemtoobservetheworlddifferentlyB.scientistsandbabiesofteninteractwitheachotherC.babiesarebornwiththeknowledgeofobjectsupportD.babiesseemtocollectevidencejustasscientistsdo52．Childrenmaylearntherulesoflanguageby________．A.exploringthephysicalworldB.investigatinghumanpsychologyC.repeatingtheirownexperimentsD.observingtheirparents'behaviours53．Whatisthemainideaofthelastparagraph?A.Theworldmaybemoreclearlyexplainedthroughchildren'splay.B.Studyingbabies'playmayleadtoabetterunderstandingofscience.C.Childrenmayhavegreaterabilitytofigureoutthingsthanscientists.D.One'sdriveforscientificresearchmaybecomestrongerashegrows.54．Whatistheauthor'stonewhenhediscussestheconnectionbetweenscientists'researchandbabies'play?A.Convincing.B.Confused.C.Confident.D.Cautious.【要点综述】科学家和六个月的婴儿有可比性吗？很多人肯定认为两者是完全没有关联的,但作者认为实际上两者的关联度很大。50.D 细节理解题。从文章第一段“…butsomedevelopmentalpsychologists(心理学家)havearguedthatthis‘play’ismorelikeascientificinvestigationthanonemightthink.”可知,一些发展心理学家认为,婴儿的游戏很大程度上类似于科学家的实验,所以选D项。51.D 推理判断题。从第二段“…intheprocess,itbringsoutimportantevidenceabout…thebaby'sinvestigationandthescientist'sexperimentappeartosharethesameaim…”推断可知,婴儿的游戏过程也类似于一个科学研究的过程,故选D项。52.C 推理判断题。从第三段“…theyinvestigatehumanpsychologyandtherulesoflanguageusingsimilarmeans.”可知,孩子们通过不停地尝试他们自己的“实验”来习得语言规则,C项是最佳答案。53.B 段落大意题。从最后一段“Viewingchildhooddevelopmentasascientificinvestigationthrowslightonhowchildrenlearn…”可知,我们可以把科学研究的过程看成是另一种小孩子的游戏过程,所以研究孩子们的游戏过程有助于更好地理解科学,所以B项正确。54.D 作者态度题。从全文,特别是最后一段的“Perhapsevolution(进化)provided…aschildren.”可知,作者的态度还是很谨慎的,所以选D项。A[2016·安徽蚌埠第二中学高三测试]Myth:Ifyoucutyourhair,itwillgrowlongfaster.Truth:That'snottrue.“Yourhairisn'tlikealawnorarosebush,wherecuttingcanstimulatefreshgrowth,”saysPhillipKingsley.Thelengthofyourhairisgeneticallydetermined.Whenitreachesacertainlength,itstopsgrowing.Whenyouclearupthedeadsplitends,this makesyourhairlookhealthier,butnotnecessarilylonger.Myth:Ifyouskipmeals,youloseweightfast.Truth:There'snotruthinthisadvice.Notonlywillyounotloseweightbystarvingyourself,butaccordingtoCarolAnnRinzler,thismayactuallycauseyoutogainweight.Rinzlerreasonsthatmissingamealcausesyourmetabolism(新陈代谢)toslowdownsothatyouburnfoodmoreslowly.Thisonlymakesyoufeelhungrierandbythetimeyoufinallydoreachthetableyouwillprobablyeatmorefood.Strangeasitmayseem,studiesshowthateatingseveralsmallmealsandsnacksthroughoutthedayisahealthierwaytolosepounds.Myth:Ifyouswallowgum,itwillstayinsideyourstomachforsevenyears.Truth:“Actually,ittakesjustafewdaysforgumtomakeitsexit—notsevenyears,”saysNeiIzenberg,MD,editorofKidsHealthOrganization.Butbecausegumismadeofthesamethingasrubber,itcannotbefullydigestedinyourstomach—soifyougumuptheworksonaregularbasis,youmightfindyourselfinastickysituation.Myth:Thebestwaytostopanosebleedistoliftyourheadback.Truth:Nowthat'sbadadvice.Bloodynosesarecausedbybrokenbloodvessels,sowhileliftingyourheadbackmightstopthefluidfromrushingoutofyournose,itwon'tstopthebleeding;you'lljustendupswallowinglotsofblood.Yourbestbet?“Restquietly.Don'tpokeorpick,andthebloodwillnaturallyclot(凝结成块)withinaminuteortwo,”suggestsDrIzenberg.1.Thelengthofyourhairisdeterminedby________．A．cuttingitoftenB．yourgeneC．thefoodyoueatD．clearingupthedeadsplitends2.AccordingtoCarolAnnRinzler,skippingmealswill________．A．helpyouloseweightfastB．helpyouloseweightslowlyC．causeyoutobecomefatterD．makeyouburnfoodmorequickly3.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrueaccordingtothepassage?A．Gumcannotbefullydigestedinthestomach.B．Gumcanstayinsideyourstomachforsevenyearsifyouswallowit.C．Gumcanleaveyourstomachinafewdayslaterafteryouswallowit.D．Ifyouoftenswallowgum,youmightfindyourselfinastickysituation.【文章大意】本文属于生活类阅读,介绍了日常生活中人们经常持有的四种错误的观点,并介绍了相关的正确的观点。1．B 细节理解题。根据第一部分第二段中的“Thelengthofyourhairisgeneticallydetermined.”可知,人的头发的长度是由基因决定的。故B项正确。2．C 细节理解题。根据第二部分中的“Notonlywillyounotloseweightbystarvingyourself,butaccordingtoCarolAnnRinzler,thismayactuallycauseyoutogainweight.”可知,不吃饭实际上会让你发胖,而不会减轻你的体重。故C正确。3．B 细节理解题。根据第三部分中的“‘Actually,ittakesjustafewdaysforgumtomakeitsexit—notsevenyears’…”可知,口香糖并不会在你的胃里停留7年。故B项说法是错误的。A[2016·安徽蚌埠第二中学高三12月月考] Asweallknow,millionsofpeopleworldwidecooktheirfoodoversmokyfireeveryday.Itisoftendifficulttofindwoodforthefire.Peoplewhodonothavewoodmustspendlargeamountsofmoneyoncookingfuel.However,thereisamucheasierwaytocookfoodusingenergyfromthesun.Solarcookers,orovens,havebeenusedforcenturies.ASwissscientistmadethefirstsolaroveninseventeensixtyseven.Today,peopleareusingsolarcookersinmanycountriesaroundtheworld.Peopleusesolarovenstocookfoodandtoheatdrinkingwatertokillbacteriaandotherharmfulorganisms.Therearethreekindsofsolarovens.Thefirstisaboxcooker.Itisdesignedwithaspecialwallthatshinesorreflectssunlightintothebox.Heatgetstrappedunderapieceofglassorplasticcoveringthetopofthecooker.Aboxoveniseffectiveforslowcookingoflargeamountsoffood.Thesecondkindofsolarovenisapanelcooker.Itincludesseveralflatwallsorpanelsthatdirectlyreflectthesun'slightontothefood.Thefoodisinsideaseparatecontainerofplasticorglassthattrapsheatenergy.Peoplecanbuildpanelcookersquicklywithveryfewsupplies.Theydonotcostmuch.InKenya,forexample,panelcookersarebeingmanufacturedforjusttwodollars.Thethirdkindofsolarovenisaparaboliccooker.Ithasroundedwallsthataimsunlightdirectlyintothebottomoftheoven.Foodcooksquicklyinparabolicovens.However,thesecookersarehardtomake.Theymustbereaimedoftentofollowthesun.Paraboliccookerscanalsocauseburnsandeyeinjuriesiftheyarenotusedcorrectly.Youcanmakesolarovensfromboxesorheavypaper.Theywillnotcatchfire.PaperburnsattwohundredthirtytwodegreesCelsius.Asolarcookernevergetsthathot.Solarovenscookfoodatlowtemperaturesoverlongperiodsoftime.Thispermitspeopletoleavefoodtocookwhiletheydootherthings.1.Ifyouhavemuchfoodtocook,you'dbetterchoose________．A．aboxcookerB．apanelcookerC．aparaboliccookerD．apapercooker2.Accordingtothepassagewecanconcludethat________．A．thepanelcookeriseasytomakeB．theboxcookeriseasytomakeC．theboxcookeristhemosteffectiveovenD．thepanelcookeristhecheapestovenofthethree3.Whatisthemainpurposeoftheauthorinwritingthepassage?A．Toadvertisethesolarovens.B．Tohelpreaderstosavecostonfuel.C．Totellthereadershowtomakesolarovens.D．Togivethereadersabriefintroductionofsolarovens.【文章大意】本文介绍了三种不同的太阳能灶及这些太阳能灶的特点。1．A 细节理解题。根据文章第三段的最后一句“Aboxoveniseffectiveforslowcookingoflargeamountsoffood.”可知,aboxoven可以用来烹饪大量的食物。故A项正确。2．A 细节理解题。根据第四段的第四句“Peoplecanbuildpanelcookersquicklywithveryfewsupplies.”可知,人们用简单的原料就可以迅速制成panelcookers。故A项正确。3．D 写作意图题。本文属于说明文,介绍了三种不同的太阳能灶及这些太阳能灶的特点。故D项正确。 B[2016·黑龙江牡丹江第一高级中学高三上学期期末]Robotsmakemenervous—especiallytheoneswhichseemtothinkforthemselves.IwasembarrassedtoadmitthistillIheardthatBillGates,thefounderofMicrosoft,feltthesameway.GatessaidinaninterviewwiththesocialnetworkingandnewswebsiteReddit:“Iaminthecampthatisconcernedaboutsuperintelligence.Firstthemachineswilldoalotofjobsforusandnotbesuperintelligent.Thatshouldbepositiveifwemanagewell.Afewdecadesafterthatthoughtheintelligenceisstrongenoughtobeaconcern.”Well,maybeIdon'thavetoworryaboutmycomputerandkitchenequipmentyet.AfterIusethemIcanalwayspulltheplug.Butinthefuture,machinesmightfindawaytopreventusfromswitchingthemoff.There'saterriblethought!Maybetheproblemwithcomputerstoocleverforusisnotthattheyareevillikesomewe'veseeninscifimovies.Whatcouldputusindangeristhattheymightbetooefficient.That'swhatphilosopherNickBostromfromOxfordUniversitybelieves.Hesaysthatmachinesareindifferenttohumansandinpursuitoftheirowngoals,thedestructionofpeoplemightbejustadditionaldamage.Bostromgivesusanexample:amachinewhichmighthaveasitsonlygoaltoproduceasmanypaperclipsaspossiblemightlookathumanbodiesasextramaterialforpaperclipsandgoafteryou.Becauseitis,well,amachine,itwouldnottakepityonyou.It'sagoodthingthatAmericanwriterIsaacAsimovthoughtabouthowfarrobotscangoandleftushisthreerulesofrobotics.Theystatethatarobotmaynothurtahumanbeingorallowthehumanbeingtocometoharm.I'mgladmymachinesathomeare“dumb”.Allmycleanerwantstotakeoveristhecarpetinmylivingroom.Let'shopetheydon'tcreateanappliancewhichwantstotakeovertheworld!1.TheauthorquotedBillGates'wordsinParagraph2inordertomakethetext________.A．betterknownB．betterorganizedC．morepersuasiveD．moreinteresting2.Anintelligentpaperclipmachinewouldharmusbecause________.A．itismuchclevererthanusB．itwouldtakeovertheworldC．ithasthestrongfeelingofdestroyingusD．itwouldseeusjustasmaterial3.HowdoestheauthorfeelaboutIsaacAsimov'srulesofrobotics?A．Disappointed.B．Sympathy.C．Optimistic.D．Regretful.4.Whatdoesthetextmainlyfocuson?A．Thebenefitsoffuturerobots.B．Thenewapplicationsofrobots.C．Theconcernforsuperintelligence.D．Thepopularityofrobotsinthefuture.【文章大意】本文是一篇议论文,主要讲述了作者对于智能机器人的一些担忧。1．C 写作意图题。根据上下文可知,前文作者说了自己对于机器人的一些担忧,而后引用了比尔·盖茨的话来支持他的观点。所以作者的意图是使自己的观点更加具有说服力。故选C。2．D 细节理解题。由文章第四段中的“…amachinewhichmighthaveasitsonlygoaltoproduceasmanypaperclipsaspossiblemightlookathumanbodiesasextramaterialforpaper clipsandgoafteryou.”可知,一个将生产更多的曲别针作为唯一目的的机器可能会把人体当作额外的材料而追赶你。故选D。3．C 推理判断题。根据文章第五段的“Theystatethatarobotmaynothurtahumanbeingorallowthehumanbeingtocometoharm.”可知,作者对他的观点很乐观,相信这三条规则会阻止机器人伤害人类。故选C。4．C 主旨大意题。文章主要讲述了作者对智能机器人的担忧。故选C。
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