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1、学科网(ZXXK.COM)-学海泛舟系列资料上学科网,下精品资料!Module3LiteraturePeriod3Grammar--Inversionusedforemphasis■Goal●TolearnaboutInversion■ProceduresStep1:LearningaboutInversion倒装是一种语法手段,用于表示一定的句子结构或强调某一句子成分。一、从句子结构上看,倒装句可分为完全倒装和部分倒装。1.完全倒装完全倒装即把整个谓语放到主语之前(使整个谓语动词,而非助动词),谓语形式不作变化。In
2、cametheteacher.比较该句的正常语序:Theteachercamein.完全倒装主要分以下几种情况:(1)here,there,out,in,up,down,now,then,away等副词置于句首时。例如:Downfelltherottenbranchesfromthetree.Thereappearedtobeamaninblackinthedistance.注意:在这些副词引出的倒装句中,当主语是普通名词时用完全倒装句,但当主语是代词时,主语和谓语的位置就不能颠倒。例如:Herecomesthepostma
3、n!Outherushed.(不能说:Outrushedhe.)(2)在含有直接引语的句子中。例如:“Wherewereyouborn?”askedtheman(3)为了句子的平衡。例如:Underthattreesitsabeautifulgirl,whoisdressedinwhite.Luckyishewhohasbeenenrolledintoafamousuniversity.如不倒装,句子的语序为:Abeautifulgirl,whoisdressedinwhite,sitsunderthattree.Hewho
4、hasbeenenrolledintoafamousuniversityislucky.不难看出,不倒装的句子显得头重脚轻。2.部分倒装部分倒装是只把谓语的一部分(如助动词、情态动词等)放到主语前,或把句子的强调成分提前。例如:NotuntilyesterdaydidlittleJohnchangehismindLittledoIknowthatwhatIsaidhurtherdeeply.部分倒装分以下一些情况(1)only修饰的副词,介词短语或状语从句放在句首时。例如:Onlyinthiswaycanyoulearnfr
5、omyourmistakes.Onlywhenthewarwasoverin1918washeabletogethappilybacktowork.(2)含有否定意义的副词或连词。如:hardly,never,notonly,little等放在句首时,例如:Notasinglemistakedidhemake.Littledoeshecareaboutwhatothersthink.(3)用于nosooner……than…,hardly….when和notuntil的句型中。例如:Notuntilquiterecentlyd
6、idhefinishhiswork.Hardlyhadhefinishedwhensomeonerosetorefusehispoints.Nosoonerhadhearrivedtherethanhefellill.学科网(ZXXK.COM)-学海泛舟系列资料上学科网,下精品资料!(4)as,however连接的主步副词分句,例如:Smallasthepenis,itisapowerfulweapon.Howeverbusyyouare,youshouldspendsometimereadingthenewspape
7、r.(5)省略连词if的条件副词分句,例如:WereIyou,Iwouldnotdosuchathing.Shouldthemachinebreakdownagain,senditbacktous.Hadyouworkedharder,youwouldhavepassed.(6)由连接词so,neither,nor引导的句子,例如Tomcanrideabicycle;socanI.Shecan’tsing;nor(neither)canhe.Johnhasneverbeenlate;nor(neither)haveI.二、从
8、倒装句的功能来看,倒装句中以起到一些特定的语法功能,也可表示强调。1.起到一些特定的语法功能(1)构成疑问句。例如:Wheredidyougoyesterday?Wereyoulisteningtomusicatthattime?(2)表示愿望的句子,例如:MayGodblessyou.L