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1、高考英语专题——定语从句♦定语从句的考查要点1.功能：相当于形容词，修饰名词或代词，在句中作定语。2.位置：定语从句置于被修饰词Z后。Thosewhoarefortheplanraiseyourhands,please.3.先行词：被定语从句修饰的词。先行词一般是名词和代词,如:some-,any-,every-和no■与-body,-thing的合成词；或all,none,any,some,that,those等代词。数词也口J以作先行词，人称代词也同样可作先行词。4.关系词：引导定语从句的词，包括关系代词和关系副词。关系代词：who,whom,whic
2、h,that,whose,as等关系副词：when,where,why等5.确定关系词的步骤：(1)先找先行词，看先行词指的是什么。(2)再看关系词在从句中所充当的成分。注意：先行词与关系词是等量关系。(1)关系词代表先行词并在从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的数由先行词而定。Thisistheplacewhichisworthvisiting.(2)关系词在从句句子中充当了成分，其意思就是先行词的意义，所以在从句中不能重复其意。Therearemanyplaces(that/which)wecanvisitinChina.(J)Therearemanypla
3、ceswecanvisittheminChina.(X)6.在定语从句中，当先行词指物时，下列情况的关系词宜用that而不用which：(1)当先行词是序数词或形容词最高级或被序数词、形容词最高级修饰时。(2)先行词被all,every,no,some,any,little,much,theonly,thevery,few等修饰时。(1)先行词为all,much,little,none,few,something,anything等不定代词时。(2)先行词中既有人又有物时。Hewaslookingpleasantlyatthechildrenandparc
4、elsthatfilledhisbus.(3)先行词在主句中作表语时。Thevillageisnolongertheonethatwas5yearsago.(4)当主句是以which开头的特殊疑问句时。Whicharethebooksthatyouboughtforme?1.宜用which而不用that的情况:(1)在非限制性定语从句屮。(2)在关系词前有介词时。(3)当先行词本身是that时。(4)关系词后有插入语时。2.关系词who与that指人时，也有不同情况分别用不同的关系词。(1)当主句是therebe句型时,关系词用who。(2)先行词是any
5、one,those,someone,everyone,one等词吋，关系词用who。(3)当主句是who作疑问词时，关系词用thatoWhoisthatgirlthatisstandingbythewindow?(4)whom在从句中貝作宾语，可被who取代。3.whose作关系词既指人又指物，在从句屮作定语。DoyouknowMr.Smithwhosestoryisverymoving?Thereisaroom,whosewindowfacestheriver.4.关系代词as在从句中作主语、宾语和表语。⑴先彳亍词被such和thesame修饰，或彳U型
6、asmany(much),
7、,，从彳U都用as引导。Suchbooksasyouboughtareuseful.Theschoolisjustthesameasitwas10yearsago.注意：①such..・that…引导结果状语从句。如：Theyaresuchlovelychildrenthatwelovethemmuch。②thesame...that...弓丨导定语从句。如：Iwanttousethesametoolthatyouusedjustnow.(2)无先行词的定语从句用as和which引导。区别：①意义上：as含有“这点止如……一样”
8、。②位置上：as从句可置于句首，也口J在别处。Hedidn'tpasstheexam,aswehadexpected.Thereislotsofairinloosesnow,whichcankeepthecoldout.Asisknown,theearthisround.【即时训练1】用适当的关系代词填空1•Theprizewillgotothewriterwhosestoryshowsthemostimagination.2.TedcamefortheweekendwearingonlysomeshortsandaT-shirt,whichisastup
9、idthingtodoinsuchweather.3.Ihavet
