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1、TheinfluenceoftheEnlightenmentonwesternarchitecture2011级英语一班马佳学号：201152010111ThebackgroundTheAgeofEnlightenment(orsimplytheEnlightenmentorAgeofReason)wasaculturalmovementofintellectualsbeginninginthelate17th-and18th-centuryEuropeemphasizingreasonandindividual
2、ismratherthantraditiorultspurposewastoreformsocietyusingreason,challengeideasgroundedintraditionandfaith,andadvanceknowledgethroughthescientificmethod」tpromotedscientificthought,skepticism,andintellectualinterchange」topposedsuperstitionandintoleranee,withtheC
3、atholicChurchafavoritetarget.SomeEnlightenmentphilosophescollaboratedwithEnlighteneddespots,whowereabsoluterulerswhotriedoutsomeofthenewgovernmentalideasinpractice.TheideasoftheEnlightenmenthavehadaIong-termmajorimpactontheculture,politics,andgovernmentsofthe
4、Westernworld・Originatingabout1650to1700,itwassparkedbyphilosophersBaruchSpinoza(1632-1677),JohnLocke(1632-1704),PierreBayle(1647-1706),Voltaire(1694-1778)andphysicistIsaacNewton(1643-1727).Rulingprincesoftenendorsedandfosteredthesefiguresandevenattemptedtoapp
5、lytheirideasofgovernmentinwhatwasknownasenlightenedabsolutism.TheScientificRevolutioniscloselytiedtotheEnlightenment,asitsdiscoveriesoverturnedmanytraditionalconceptsandintroducednewperspectivesonnatureandman'splacewithinit.TheEnlightenmentflourisheduntilabou
6、t1790-1800,afterwhichtheemphasisonreasongavewaytoRomanticism'semphasisonemotion,andaCounter-Enlightenmentgainedforce.TheEnlightenmentAssertionTheEnlightenmentthinkersstronglycriticizedthefeudalautocraticsystemandthespiritualpillar—theCatholicChurch,describedt
7、hefutureblueprintof"rationalkingdom”，providedtheideologicalandtheoreticalpreparationofachievementdominaneeforthebourgeoisie.InFrance,theEnlightenmentdisclosedthefeudalsystemdeeply,anddidsufficientpreparationfortheupcomingtheFrenchRevolution.Afterthat,theEnlig
8、htenmenthadbeenspreadtootherpartsoftheworldtoenlightenpeople'sthoughtsandshakethefeudalrule」ngeneral,theideologicalprinciples,whatadvocatedbytheEnlightenmentideologists,includingNaturalRi
