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1、句子成分与结构英语的词性:名词(nouns)n.代词(pronoun)pron.实词数词(numeral)num.形容词(adjective)adj.或a.副词(adverb)adv.动词(verb)v冠词(article)art虚词介词(preposition)prep.连词(conjunction)conj.助词(auxiliary)aux.作文题目中,实词都大写,虚词要小写一.英语句子的基本成分有8种:主语(subject)---s谓语(predicate)---v宾语(object)---o定语(attribute)---
2、attrib状语(adverbial)---adv补语(complement)---c表语(predicative)---p同位语(Appositive)ImetmybestfriendTomatthestationyesterday.↓主语↓谓语↓定语↓宾语↓同位语↓状语英语句子的类型简单句并列句复合句只有一个主谓结构有两个或两个以上主谓结构一个主句加一个或几个从句简单句基本句型谓语动词决定了一个句子的骨架结构启示:(1)分析复杂句时,先找谓语。(2)写句子时,要知道谓语动词的用法特点二.五种简单基本句型主语+谓语+宾语主语+谓
3、语+间接宾语+直接宾语主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语动词系动词不及物动词及物动词主语+系+表语主语+谓语系动词:1)be,seem,appear2)look,sound,taste,smell,feel3)get,turn,become,4)stay,remain,keep,continue感官类变化类维持类主+系+表1)Myuncleisaprofessor.2)Helookedtired.3)Thebasketballmatchison.4)Ouraimwastowinmoremedals.5)Hisworkisteaching
4、French.主+谓:S+V谓语动词特特点:不及物动词(本身意思完整,后面不需要宾语)1.Thesunrises.(rise-rose-risen是vi,不能带O.)2.Welistenedcarefully.3.Theredsunrisesintheeast.Youshouldstudyhard.2.Shewenthomeverylateyesterdayevening.3.Themeetingwilllasttwohours.4.Greatchangeshavetakenplaceinmyhometowninthepastte
5、nyears.主语+谓语+宾语(S.+V.+O.)该句型的谓语动词必须是vt或vt的动词词组;宾语必须是名词或相当于名词的成分。注意:带todo做宾语的动词有:offer,learn,plan,ask,promise,help,decide,refuse,manage,hope,want,seem,expect,hope,offer,agree,refuse,learn,help,plan注意:带V-ing做宾语的动词有:suggest,stop,enjoy,imagine,finish,practise,keep,mind,av
6、oid,succeedin,bebusy,beworth,giveup,lookforwardtoIwrotealetterlastnight.Iwanttotalkwithyouthisafternoon.Hehasreadthisbookmanytimes.Theyhavecarriedouttheplansuccessfully.主语+谓语+双宾语(S.+V.+O.+O.)请观察:1)Hebringsmecookieseveryday.2)Hebringscookiestomeeveryday.即要借助于介词to或for常跟
7、双宾语的动词有:(需借助to的)bring,give,lend,hand,offer,pass,pay,promise, return,send,show,teach,tell,write,ask,等。(需借助for的)buy,call,cook,choose,draw,find,get,make,order, sing,save,spare,等。主谓宾宾补S+Vt.+O+O.C宾语与宾语补足语有逻辑的主谓关系,宾补是补充说明宾语的。可以用做宾补的有:名词,形容词,副词,介词短语,动词不定式,分词等。用it做形式宾语,而将真正的宾
8、语放到宾语补足语的后面,以使句子结构平衡,是英语常用的句型结构方式。即:主语+谓语+it+宾补+真正宾语。如:Ifounditverypleasanttobewithyourfamily.根据所学知识,分析句子结构1.Theyworkhard.主+