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1、GeneEngineeringbyJinqiuGaoBaichengNormalCollege2008-2-21Textbook:PrinciplesofGeneManipulationTeachingmaterial:GeneCloningandDNAAnalysisbyT.A.BrownTheExperimentalGuideforGeneEngineeringMolecularCloningALaboratoryManual中文教材参考：基因操作原理（中文版）瞿礼嘉等译基因克隆和DNA分析（中文版）魏群等译基因工程楼士林等现代生物工程（第一篇）焦炳华等基因工程原理吴乃虎Ch
2、apter1IntroductionWhatisaGene?aGenome?Ageneisaunitofinheritance.Forexample,childrentendtolookliketheirparents.Weinheritourfeaturesthroughourgenes,halfofwhichcomefromoneparent,andhalffromtheother.AgeneisalsodefinedbyadigitalcodeofjustfourDNAbases(A,T,G&C)thatisnearlyuniversalforallknownlifefor
3、ms,whetherviral,bacterial,fungal,plant,animalorhuman.Theaveragesizegeneofbacteriaisabout1,000baseslong.SincegenesareencodedbytheDNAbasesthatcomprisethelinearstrandsofachromos-ome,thegenesarearrangedinlinearorderalongchrom-osomes,andtheycanbemapped.Agenomeisthesumtotalofallthegenesthatmakeupth
4、egeneticcodeofanindividual.Yourentiregenomeisfaithfullyduplicatedineverycellofyourbody.Gene:AsegmentofDNAthatcodesforanRNAand/orpolypeptidemolecule.Genome:Thecompletesetofgenesofanorganism.TheTermofGeneManipulationGeneManipulationisdefinedastheformationofnewcombinationsofheritablematerialbyth
5、einsertionofnucleicacidmolecules，producedbywhatevermeansoutsidethecell,intoanyvirus,bacterialplasmidorothervectorsystemsoastoallowtheirincorporationintoahostorganisminwhichtheydonotnaturallyoccurbutinwhichtheyarecapableofcontinuedpropagation.Alsonamedgenecloning.TheFar-reachingConsequencesofI
6、tsSequenceanalysisInvivobiochemistryThenewmedicineThedevelopmentsingenemanipulationthathavetakenplaceinthelast25yearshaverevolutionizedthestudyofbiology.ThereisnosubjectareawithinbiologywhererecombinantDNAisnotbeingusedandasaresulttheolddivisionsbetweensubjectareassuchasbotany,genetics,zoolog
7、y,biochemistry,etc.arefastbreakingdown.NowherehastheimpactofrecombinantDNAtechnologybeengreaterthanonthepracticeofmedicine.ThefirstmedicalbenefittoarisefromrecombinantDNAtechnologywastheavailabilityofsignificantquantitiesoftherapeuticproteins
