xn动词不定式[课件]

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1、动词不定式不定式由“to+动词原形”构成,其否定形式是“not/nevertodo”,没有人称和数的变化,但有时态和语态的变化。不定式可以作主语、宾语、状语、补语，表语和定语，但不能单独作谓语。不定式一.结构:todo(否定)not/nevertodo二.时态与语态主动语态被动语态一般式进行式完成式不定式todotobedonetobedoingtohavedonetohavebeendone----------tohavedone的用法1.表示完成(过去发生的动作）eg.Iamsorry/gladtohavekn

2、ownthenews.Iamhappytohavemetyou.Goodbye.Sheissaidtohavestudiedabroad.=Itissaidthatshestudiedabroad.2.表示虚拟was/weretohavedonemeanttonavedoneoughttohavedoneintendedtohavedonehopedtohavedonewouldliketohavedonewassupposedtohavedoneeg.Ihopedtohavevisitedyou,butIhads

3、omethingelsetodothen.(1).Theypretendednottoseeus.(2).Hepretendedtobesleeping.(3).Shepretendedtohaveknownitbefore.(一般式表示与谓语的动作同时/几乎/发生在它之后.)(在谓语动词发生的同时,不定式的动作也正在进行)(完成式表示动作发生在谓语动作之前)1.作主语2.作宾语3.作宾语补足语4.作定语5.作状语6.作表语7.作独立成分8.与疑问词等连用三.用法/功能Toseeistobelieve.It’sim

4、portanttolearnEnglishwell.(1).主语单个不定式作主语时,谓语动词用单数若不定式太长,往往用it作形式主语,不定式置后.Myaimtohelpthepatient.is(2).表语主语常常是表意向，打算，计划的词。如wish,idea,task,purpose,duty,dream,aim等Iwanttogohome.Theworkersdemandedtogetbetterpay.Ifounditnecessarytotalktohimagain.(3)宾语think/consider/

5、findit+adj.+todo常用动词不定式作宾语的动词有：hope,refuse,learn,setoutchoose,decide,agree,manage,pretend,plan.afford,wish,want,expect等几对易混淆的词组：stoptodosth.停止去做某事doingsth.停止正在做．．．forgettodosth.忘记去做．．．doingsth.忘记已做了．．．remembertodosth.记得去做．．．doingsth.记得曾经做．．．Trytodo尽力做doing尝试做注

6、意：不定式用在介词but,except,后作宾语时,如果这些介词前有行为动词do的各种形式,那么介词后的不定式不带to,相反则带to.(1).Shecoulddonothingbutcry.(2).Ihavenochoicebuttogo..1)带to的不定式作宾补ask,advise,allow,remind,persuade,order,warn,force等+sbtodoHeaskedyoutocallhimatteno'clock.ThenoteremindsmetobecarefulwhateverIdo

7、.I'dneverallowmychildrentobehavelikethat.2)不带to的不定式作宾补。使役动词make,have,let;感官动词see,watch,observe,hear,listento,notice等后面作宾补的不定式不带to。如:Hemadeafaceandmadeeverybodylaugh.Weseehimgoupstairs.Hewasseentogoupstairs(4).宾补Ihavesomethingtosay.Hehasalotofhomeworktodo.Heisl

8、ookingforaroomtolivein.Thereisnothingtoworryabout.(5).定语(如果不定式中的动词是不及物动词,则不定式中要有介词.)请给我一支写字的笔.Pleasegivemeapentowritewith.something,anything,nothing,everything等复合不定代词常用不定式做后置定语。e.g