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1、Chapter8Respiration(呼吸)Respiration:ThesumofprocessesthataccomplishongoingpassivemovementofO2fromtheatmospheretothetissues,aswellasthecontinualpassivemovementofmetabolicallyproducedCO2fromthetissuestotheatmosphere.(机体与环境之间的气体交换)Externalrespiration(外呼吸):Gasexchangeinlungbetweenenvironmentandblo
2、od.(外界环境与血液在肺部实现的气体交换.)Internalrespiration(内呼吸):Gasexchangebetweenbloodandhistocytebytissuefluid.(血液通过组织液与组织细胞之间的气体交换.)Theprocessofrespiration(呼吸环节)：1Externalrespiration(外呼吸)2Gastransportinblood(气体在血中的运输)3Internalrespiration(内呼吸)Section1Humanrespiratoryorganand pulmonaryventilation (人的呼吸器官与肺通
3、气)Pulmonaryventilation(肺通气):Thevolumeofairbreathedinandoutinoneminute;equaltidalvolumetimesrespiratoryrate.(肺与外界之间的气体交换过程.)1.1Structureofpulmonaryventilation(肺通气的结构基础)1.1.1Respiratorytract(呼吸道)nose,pharynx,larynx(鼻咽喉)upperrespiratorytract(上呼吸道)trachea,bronchus,bronchiole,terminal,bronchiole(气
4、管、支气管、细支气管、终末细支气管)inferiorrespiratorytract(下呼吸道)respiratorybronchiole,alveolarduct,alveolarsac,pulmonaryalveoli(呼吸性细支气管、肺泡管、肺泡囊、肺泡)Fig8-2Anatomicaldeadspace(解剖死腔)Neuralregulation(N调控):Sympatheticnerve(交感N)Vagusnerve(迷走N)1.1.2Pulmonaryalveoli(肺泡)1.1.2Pulmonaryalveoli(肺泡)Surfacetension(表面张力)液—气
5、界面Function:reducingthefluidsurface;(使液体表面积缩小)P=2T/rP:回缩力(液泡内压力)T:surfacetension(表面张力)r:vacuoleradius(液泡半径)Decreasesurfacetension,wheninspiration,itcanreduceenergythatusedtoinflatelung;whenexpiration,itcanpreventpulmonaryalveolifromcollapse,especiallyforsmallpulmonaryalveoli.(降低表面张力,吸气时,减少扩张肺所
6、作的功,呼气时防止肺泡萎陷,特别是小肺泡的萎陷.)MaintainstabilityofpulmonaryalveolicubageHigherDPPC’sdensityofsmallpulmonaryalveoli,smallerT.(维持大小肺泡容积稳定.小肺泡DPPC密度大，T较小)Thefunctionofpulmonarysurfactant (肺表面活性物质作用)：肺泡Ⅱ型细胞分泌的二棕榈酰卵磷脂DPPCViscerallayerpleurac1.Pleuraccavity(胸膜腔)(脏层胸膜)walllayerpleurac(壁层胸膜)intrapleuralpre
7、ssure(胸内负压):1.1.3Throaxandpleuraccavity(胸廓与胸膜腔)Throax(胸廓):vertebralcolumn,sternum,costalboneandintercostals.(脊柱,胸骨,肋骨,及肋间肌)Formingofintrathoracicpressure(胸内负压形成)以胸膜腔密闭且含浆液为条件.Throaxgrowth>lunggrowthThroaxcubage>lungcubageLungisexpandedbythroa
