Chapter35ChewingLiceandSuckingLice

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1、Chapter35ChewingLiceandSuckingLiceGeneralInformationLicefallintooneoftwoorders:Mallophaga-chewinglice,withchewingmouthparts;Anoplura-suckinglice,withsuckingmouthpartsMembersofbothordersarewinglessanddorsoventrallyflattenedEyesarereducedorabsentTarsalclawsareoftenenlarged,anadaptat

2、iontoallowthemtoclingtohairandfeathersoftheirhostsLifeCycleEggsarecementedtothefeathersorhairsoftheirhostsHemimetabolousdevelopment:theyoungaresimilartotheadultsexceptforsizeanddevelopmentofthegenitalia;thereare3nymphalinstarsMembersoftheseordersarehighlyadaptedtoaparasiticlifestyl

3、e:theyhavenofreelivingstagesanddieveryquicklyintheabsenceofthehostOrderMallophaga:BitingLiceorChewingLiceHeadisslightlybroaderthantheprothorax;mouthpartsareprimitive,resemblingthoseoftheprimitivefree-livingformsThreesubordersarerecognized:Amblycera,Ischnocera,andRhynchopthirinaTric

4、hodectescanisOrderMallophagacont.TheAmblyceraarethemostgeneralizedandleasthostspecific;theirantennaearecomposedof4jointsandlieinaventrolateralgrooveoneachsideoftheheadandmaynotprojectbeyondthesidesofthehead;amblyceranparasitesofmammalsincludeGyropusovalisandGliricolaporcelliofguine

5、apigsandHeterodoxusspinigerondogsGliricolaporcellifromGuineapigsOrderMallophagacont.TheIschnoceraarethemostspecialized;theirantennaearefiliforminnatureandcomposedof3-5joints;wellknownpestsofcats,dogsanddomesticcattle,horses,mules,etc.e.g.,Bovicolabovisoncattle;Trichodectescanisisac

6、ommonparasiteofdogsandservesastheintermediatehostofDiplydiumcaninumTrichodectescanisO.Anoplura–SuckingLiceAllareparasiticofmammals;possesspiercingmouthparts;smallfusedthorax;antennaearevisibleandcomposedof5joints;secondandthirdpairoflegsareoftenthelargestandarebroadandflattenedHead

7、narrowerthantheremainderofthebodyThefamilyPediculidaeincludesthehumanheadlouseandthebodylouse,bothinthegenusPediculusThefamilyPthiridaeincludesthehumanpubicorcrablouseinthegenusPthirusPediculushumanusOccursin2forms:thebodylouse,P.humanushumanus(=P.h.corporis)andtheheadlouseP.h.capi

8、tisHeadlicearesmallerthanb