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1、摘要汽车排气歧管通过法兰盘与发动机相连,是排气系统温度最高的部件。排气歧管经受排出的高温气流热循环冲击,以及行驶屮恶劣的气候条件等,要求发动机排气歧管的材料更加耐热、耐氧化,排气歧管应具有良好的中、高温机械性能和使用性能。高硅钳球铁为冃前汽车排气歧管最主要材料,较其他材料有诸多优越性,如良好的高温强度、热疲劳性,优异的耐氧化性、生长性和良好的高温抗蠕变性,并R高硅钳价格适屮,可以大量生产。因此木实验研究通过对高硅钳球做热疲劳实验,研究分析它的一些性能。热疲劳试验选择多个试样,除原始铸态试样外,做两组实验,热疲劳实验下限温度相同,都是室温,上限温度分别为900°C和850°C。其屮由于高硅钳
2、球墨铸铁汽车排气歧管的工作温度是850°C,故850°C为试样实验重点。试样在加热10分钟后,取出淬火,再加热。记录次数,及试样的尺寸变化,以及裂纹第一次出现的次数及裂纹变化。热疲劳结束后,采用D/max2500X射线衍射仪、JSW-5310和JXA-840扫描电镜、LinK-ISIS能谱和OLYMPUS-PMG3金相显微镜分别对高硅钳球铁显微组织进行观察。运用扫描电镜观察热疲劳裂纹形貌及裂纹前生和扩展特征,分析裂纹形成及扩展机理。关键词:高硅钳球铁、热疲劳性、裂纹。AbstractExhaustmanifoldisconnectedwiththeenginebytheflange,and
3、itisthehighesttemperaturecomponentintheexhaustsystem.Sufferedfromhigh-temperatureaircycleimpactandtroubleweatherconditionsduringdriving,thematerialoftheengineexhaustmanifoldrequiresbetterproperties,suchasheatresistance,hightemperatureoxidation,andthermalfatigue.Theexhaustmanifoldshouldhavethehight
4、emperaturemechanicalperformanceandgoodservicebehavior.HighsiliconSiMonodularcastironsarecurrentlyusedtoproduceexhaustmanifoldsandturbochargers,andtheyhavemanyadvantagesoverothermaterials,suchasgoodhightemperaturestrength,thermalfatigueresistance,excellentoxidationresistance,growthpropertiesandgood
5、hightemperaturecreepresistance.AndhighsiliconSiMonodularcastironsareaffordable,sotheycanbemassproduced・Therefore,thisexperimentismadebystudyinghighsiliconSiMonodularcastirons9thermalfatigue,whichaimsatanalyzingitssomeproperties・Inthethermalfatiguetestingweselectsomesamples.Inadditiontotheoriginalc
6、astsample,wedividethesamplesintwogroups.Thelowerexperimentaltemperaturearethesameinthethermalfatiguetestingwhichareallroomtemperature,andthemaximumexperimentaltemperatureare900°Cand850°Cindependently.BecausehighsiliconSiMonodularcastironsexhaustmanifoldsareworkedat850°C,thetestingat850CismainpaitT
7、hesamplesareheatedfor10minutes,thenweremovethemoutofthefurnace,quenching,andcontinuereheating・Werecordthenumberofthermalfatigue,andthesample5sizechanged,andthenumbersofcracksthefirsttimeappearandcrackschanging・Af