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1、【原文】OfStudies——FrancisBaconStudiesservefordelight,forornament,andforability.Theirchiefusefordelight,isinprivatenessandretiring;forornament,isindiscourse;andforability,isinthejudgmentanddispositionofbusiness.Forexpertmencanexecute,andperhapsjudgeofparticulars,onebyone;butthegeneralc
2、ounsels,andtheplotsandmarshallingofaffairscomebestfromthosethatarelearned. Tospendtoomuchtimeinstudiesissloth;tousethemtoomuchforornamentisaffection;tomakejudgmentwhollybytheirrulesisthehumorofascholar.Theyperfectnatureandareperfectedbyexperience:fornaturalabilitiesarelikenaturalp
3、lants,thatneedpruningbystudy,andstudiesthemselvesdogiveforthdirectionstoomuchatlarge,excepttheybeboundedinbyexperience. Craftymencontemnstudies,simplemenadmirethem,andwisemenusethem,fortheyteachnottheirownuse;butthatisawisdomwithoutthemandabovethem,wonbyobservation.Readnottocontra
4、dictandconfuse;nortobelieveandtakeforgranted;nortofindtalkanddiscourse;buttoweighandconsider. Somebooksaretobetasted,otherstobeswallowed,andsomefewtobechewedanddigested;thatissomebooksaretobereadonlyinparts;otherstoberead,butnotcuriously;andsomefewtobereadywholly,andwithdiligencea
5、ndattention.Somebooksalsomaybereadbydeputyandextractsmadeofthembyothers;butthatwouldbeonlyinthelessimportantarguments,andthemeanersortofbooks;elsedistilledbooksare,likecommondistilledwaters,flashythings. Readingmakesafullman;conferenceareadyman;andwritinganexactman.Andtherefore,if
6、amanwritelittle,hehadneedhaveagreatmemory;ifheconferlittle,hehadneedhaveapresentwit;andifhereadlittle,hehadneedhavemuchcunningtoseemtoknowthathedothnot. Historiesmakemenwise;poetswitty;themathematicssubtle;naturalphilosophydeep;moralgrave;logicandrhetoricabletocontend. Abeuntstu
7、diainmores.Naythereisnostondorimpedimentinthewit,butmaybewroughtoutbyfitstudies:likeasdiseasesofthebodymayhaveappropriateexercises.Bowlingisgoodforthestoneandreins;shootingforthelungsandbreast;gentlewalkingforthestomach;ridingforthehead;andthelike.Soifaman’switbewandering,lethimstu
8、dythemathematics;forindemo
