ASHRAE.4518-2002 Evaluating the Performance of Building Thermal

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1、4518(RP-734)ReprintedfromtheInternationalJournalofHeating,Ventilating,Air-ConditioningandRefrigeratingResearch.EvaluatingthePerformanceofBuildingThermalMassControlStrategiesJamesE.Braun,Ph.D.KentW.MontgomeryNitinChaturvediMemberASHRAEAtoolwasdevelopedthatallowsevaluationof

2、thermalmasscontrolstrategiesusingHVACutilitycostsasthebaselineforcomparison.Inversemodelsareusedtorepresentthebehaviorofthebuilding,coolingplant,andairdistributionsystem.Inversemodelsusemeasureddatato“learn”systembehaviorandproviderelativelyaccuratesite-specificperformance

3、predictions.Basedonweatherandsolarinputs,aswellasoccupancyandinternalgainsschedulesandutilityrates,theevaluationtoolpredictsthetotalHVACutilitycostforaspecifiedcontrolstrategy.Intelligentthermalmasscontrolstrategiescanthenbeidentifiedinasimulationenvironmentusingthisanal-y

4、sistool.TheevaluationtoolwasvalidatedusingdatacollectedfromafieldsitelocatednearChi-cago,Illinois.ThetoolpredictedHVACutilitycostsforasummermonthbillingperiodthatwerewithinapproximately5%ofactualcosts.Additionalstudieswereperformedtoexaminetheutilitysavingspotentialforsumm

5、ertimeoperationsatthefieldsiteusingvariousthermalmasscontrolstrategies.Thebeststrategyresultedinapproximatelya40%reductionintotalcoolingcostsascomparedwithnightsetupcontrol.Simulationstudieswerealsousedtoanalyzetheoverallimpactoflocationonthesavingspotentialforuseofbuildin

6、gthermalmass.Representativeutilityratesforfivelocations(Boston,Chicago,Miami,Phoenix,andSeattle)wereusedalongwiththemodelsobtainedforthefieldsite.SignificantsavingswereachievedinalllocationsexceptSeattle.INTRODUCTIONInordertoreducepeakelectricaldemands,utilitiesprovidepric

7、eincentivesforuseofelec-tricityduringlowdemandoroff-peakperiods.Oneapproachthatcustomersmayusetotakeadvantageoftheseincentivesinvolvescoolthermalstorage.Thestorageiscooledduringoff-peakperiodswhenelectricityisinexpensiveandwarmedduringon-peakperiodsinordertoreducetheloadon

8、theprimaryairconditioningequipment.Typically,iceandstratifiedchilledwatersystemsareusedas