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1、MD:UniversidadAutónomadeGuadalajara,México,1975MPH:GraduateSchoolofPublicHealth,SanDiegoStateUniversity,1990Pulmonologist,HospitalGeneraldeTijuana,Mexico,since1984Professor,FacultaddeFacultaddeMedicina,UniversidadAutónomadeBajaCaliforniasince1984Fellow,AmericanCollegeofChestPhysiciansrafaell
2、aniado@gmail.comRafaelLaniado-LaborínMD,MPH,FCCPTBandtheMexicanBorder: BCG,Practices&ComplicationsIntroductionImmunizationwithbacillusCalmette–Guerin(BCG)iscurrentlyusedinmanypartsoftheworldasameansofpreventingtuberculosisItremainsahighlycontroversialmethodofpreventingTBdespitemorethan80year
3、sofuseBCG:HistoryBCGisnamedafterthetwoFrenchinvestigatorsresponsiblefordevelopingthevaccinefromanattenuatedstrainofMycobacteriumbovis.TheypresentedtheirresultstotheAcademiedeSciencesin1908BCG:historyBCGvaccinesaretheoldestofthevaccinesinwideusetoday,havingbeenderivedbetween1906and1919byinvit
4、roattenuationofanisolateofMycobacteriumbovis.BCG:historyTheproductofthisattenuationwasnevercloned,butwasdistributedtomanylaboratories,whichthenpropagatedthevaccinestrainunderdifferentconditionsAsaresult,thebacteriamarketedtodaybydifferentprovidersasBCGarebynomeansbacteriologicallyidenticalFi
5、ne.RevInfDis1989;11:S353BCG:historyBCGwasfirstusedasanantituberculosisvaccineinhumansin1921BCGvaccinationwasencouragedworldwideuntilthesevaccinebecame–aftertheeradicationofsmallpox-themostwidelyusedvaccineintheworldOnlytheUSandtheNetherlandshavenotusedBCGonanationalscaleBCGHistory:TheLübeckd
6、isasterBetween10December1929and30April1930,251of412infantsborninLübeck,Germany,receivedthreedosesofBCGvaccinebythemouthduringthefirsttendaysoflife.Ofthese251,72diedoftuberculosis,mostofthemintwotofivemonths,andallbutonebeforetheendofthefirstyearInaddition,135sufferedfromclinicaltuberculosisb
7、uteventuallyrecovered44becametuberculin-positivebutremainedwellOf251children,207(82.5%)diedordevelopedtuberculosisBCGHistory:TheLübeckdisasterExpandedProgramonImmunization(WHO)In1974whenEPIwaslaunchedbyWHO,<5%oftheworldchildrenwereimmunizedagainst5
