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1、CHAPTER11ChromosomalBasisofInheritance,SexLinkage,andSexDeterminationPeterJ.RusselleditedbyYue-WenWangPh.D. Dept.ofAgronomy,NTU1台大農藝系遺傳學60120000ChromosomeTheoryofInheritance1.Bythebeginningofthe20thcentury,cytologistshadobservedthatchromosomenumberisconstantinallc
2、ellsofaspecies,butvarieswidelybetweenspecies.2.SuttonandBoveri(1902)independentlyrealizedtheparallelbetweenMendelianinheritanceandchromosometransmission,andproposedthechromosometheoryofinheritance,whichstatesthatMendelianfactors(genes)arelocatedonchromosomes.2台大農藝
3、系遺傳學60120000SexChromosomes1.Behaviorofsexchromosomesofferssupportforthechromosomaltheory.Inmanyanimalssexchromosomecompositionrelatestosex,whileautosomesareconstant.2.Inbothhumansandfruitflies(Drosophilamelanogaster)femaleshavetwoXchromosomes,whilemaleshaveXandY(F
4、igure11.1).a.Malesproducetwokindsofgameteswithrespecttosexchromosomes(XorY),andarecalledtheheterogameticsex.b.Femalesproducegameteswithonlyonekindofsexchromosome(X)andarecalledthehomogameticsex.c.Insomespeciesthesituationisreversed,withheterogameticfemalesandhomog
5、ameticmales.3.RandomfusionofgametesproducesanF1thatis12female(XX)and12male(XY)3台大農藝系遺傳學60120000PeterJ.Russell,iGenetics:Copyright©PearsonEducation,Inc.,publishingasBenjaminCummings.Fig.11.1Drosophilamelanogaster(fruitfly),anorganismusedextensivelyingenetics experi
6、ments4台大農藝系遺傳學60120000PeterJ.Russell,iGenetics:Copyright©PearsonEducation,Inc.,publishingasBenjaminCummings.Fig.11.2aInheritancepatternofXandYchromosomesinorganismswherethefemale isXXandthemaleisXY:ProductionoftheF1generation5台大農藝系遺傳學60120000PeterJ.Russell,iGeneti
7、cs:Copyright©PearsonEducation,Inc.,publishingasBenjaminCummings.Fig.11.2bInheritancepatternofXandYchromosomesinorganismswherethefemale isXXandthemaleisXY:ProductionoftheF2generation6台大農藝系遺傳學60120000SexLinkageAnimation:X-LinkedInheritance1.Morgan(1910)foundamutantw
8、hite-eyedmalefly,anduseditinaseriesofexperimentsthatshowedageneforeyecolorlocatedontheXchromosome.a.First,hecrossedthewhite-eyedmalewithawild-type(red-e
