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1、AbriefintroductiontoErnestHemingway1899–1961,Americannovelistandshort-storywriter,b.OakPark,Ill.oneofthegreatAmericanwritersofthe20thcent. Life Thesonofacountrydoctor,HemingwayworkedasareporterfortheKansasCityStaraftergraduatingfromhighschoolin1917.Du
2、ringWorldWarIheservedasanambulancedriverinFranceandintheItalianinfantryandwaswoundedjustbeforehis19thbirthday.Later,whileworkinginParisasacorrespondentfortheTorontoStar,hebecameinvolvedwiththeexpatriateliteraryandartisticcirclesurroundingGertrudeStein
3、.DuringtheSpanishCivilWar,Hemingwayservedasacorrespondentontheloyalistside.HefoughtinWorldWarIIandthensettledinCubain1945.In1954,HemingwaywasawardedtheNobelPrizeinLiterature.AfterhisexpulsionfromCubabytheCastroregime,hemovedtoIdaho.Hewasincreasinglypl
4、aguedbyillhealthandmentalproblems,andinJuly,1961,hecommittedsuicidebyshootinghimself.WorksHemingway’sfictionusuallyfocusesonpeoplelivingessential,dangerouslives—soldiers,fishermen,athletes,bullfighters—whomeetthepainanddifficultyoftheirexistencewithst
5、oiccourage.Hiscelebratedliterarystyle,influencedbyEzraPoundandGertrudeStein,isdirect,terse,andoftenmonotonous,yetparticularlysuitedtohiselementalsubjectmatter. Hemingway’sfirstbooks,ThreeStoriesandTenPoems(1923),InOurTime(shortstories,1924),andTheTorr
6、entsofSpring(anovel,1926),attractedattentionprimarilybecauseofhisliterarystyle.WiththepublicationofTheSunAlsoRises(1926),hewasrecognizedasthespokesmanofthe“lostgeneration”(socalledbyGertrudeStein).Thenovelconcernsagroupofpsychologicallybruised,disillu
7、sionedexpatriateslivinginpostwarParis,whotakepsychicrefugeinsuchimmediatephysicalactivitiesaseating,drinking,traveling,brawling,andlovemaking. Hisnextimportantnovel,AFarewelltoArms(1929),tellsofatragicwartimeloveaffairbetweenanambulancedriverandanEngl
8、ishnurse.HemingwayalsopublishedsuchvolumesofshortstoriesasMenwithoutWomen(1927)andWinnerTakeNothing(1933),aswellasTheFifthColumn,aplay.HisFirstForty-nineStories(1938)includessuchfamousshortstoriesas“TheKillers,”“TheUndefeated,”and“TheSnowsofKi
