国际贸易简答题和计算题

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1、第一章不考简答题，只考小题第二章，第九题Theprincipleofcomparativeadvantagecanbeexplainedinopportunitycost,whichindicatestheamountofoneproductthatmustbesacrificedinordertoreleaseenoughresourcestobeabletoproduceonemoreunitofanotherproduct.Theslopeoftheproductionpossibilitiescurve(i.e.,themarginalr

2、ateoftransformation)indicatesthisrateofsacrifice.Anationfacingastraight-lineproductionpossibilitiescurveproducesunderconditionsofconstantcosts,whileproductionunderincreasingcostsreferstoabowed・out(i.e.,concave)productionpossibilitiescurve.第三章第七题TheHeckscher-Ohlintheoryreasons

3、thatexportsofproductsembodyinglargeamountsofrelativelycheap,abundantfactorsmakesthosefactorslessabundantdomestically.Thisleadstohigherpricesandthusanincreasedshareofnationalincomeforthesefactors・第十题Interindustrytradereferstotheexchangebetweennationsofproductsofdifferentindust

4、ries.Intraindustrytradereferstotwo-waytradeinasimilarproduct.Amongthedeterminantsofintraindustrytradeare:(a)overlappingdemandsegmentsintradingcountries,(b)theextenttowhichdomesticproducersignore"minority”consumertastes,and(c)economiesofscaleassociatedwithdifferentiatedgoods.第

5、十一题Thefactorendowmenttheorysuggeststhatacapital-abundantnationenjoysrelativelycheapcapital.Itthusspecializesinandexportsacapital-intensivegood・Thisleadstoincreaseddemandforcapital,whichforcesupthepriceofcapitalandthusthepriceofthecapital-intensivegood・Theoppositebasisforfurth

6、eroccursinthecapital-scarcecountry.Thethecapitalpricesandspecializationandtradeceaseswhenproductpricesineachnationequate.第四章第八题Abondedwarehouseisastoragefacilityforimportedgoods;itallowsimportedgoodstobeputintostoragewithoutthepaymentofduties・Goodsmaybelatersoldoverseasdutyfr

7、eeorwithdrawnfordomesticsaleuponpaymentofimportduties.Aforeigntradezoneisasitewhereforeignmerchandisecanbeimportedwithnoimportduty;merchandiseinthezonecanbestoredorusedinthemanufacturingoffinalproducts.第五章第八题Accordingtothepriced-baseddefinition,dumpingoccurswheneveraforeignfi

8、rmsellsaproductintheimportingcountry'smarketatapricebelowthatforwhic