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1、二十一、省略1and连接的句子在由and连接的句子中,为避免重复常省略一些重复的词或词组。⒈省略共同的主语或宾语。如:Mr.Smithpickedupacoinintheroadand(Mr.Smith)handedittoapoliceman.⒉若主语不同而谓语助动词,情态动词相同,则省略后面的助动词或情态动词。如:JackmusthavebeenplayingfootballandMary(musthavebeen)doingherhomework.⒊若主语与谓语动词相同,则省略后面的主谓成
2、分。如:Hisadvicemademehappy,but(hisadvicemade)Jimangry.⒋若主语不同,但主要动词及后续部分相同,则省略主要动词及后续部分。如:Iwasborninwinterin1988andBob(wasborninwinter)in1989.⒌省略重复的介词,连词及后续部分。如:Hewaslatebecausehehadoversleptand(becausehehad)missedthetrain.2状语从句的省略⒈在when,while,whenever,
3、till,assoonas,if,unless,asif,though,as,whether等引导的状语从句中,若谓语有be,而主语有跟主句主语相同或是it时,则从句的主语和be常被省略。6如:As(hewas)young,hewasastore-keeper.Hisopimion,whether(itis)rightorwrong,wouldbeconsidered.⒉在as,than,however,whatever,nomatterwhat等引导的从句中常省略某些成分。如:Anyone,n
4、omatterwho(heis),maypointoutourshortcomings.Icanonlydoitthewayas(Iwas)toldto(doitthatway).⒊虚拟条件句常省略if,将were,had,should提前构成部分倒装。如:Shouldtherebeaflood=(Ifthereshouldbeaflood),whatshouldwedo?⒋有些状语从句置于句末,可作句尾省略,有时可省略整个从句。如:Johnwillgothereifmybrotherwill(
5、go).Iwouldhavecomeyesterday(ifIhadwantedto).3定语从句和名词性从句中的省略⒈在限定性定语从句中,作宾语用的关系代词whom,which,that可省略;在以thesame…as和suchas引出的某些定语从句中,也可省略与主句相同部分。如:Thegirl(whowhomthat)theteacherspoketoisLiuYing.Idon'tlikesuchbooksasthis(is).⒉定语从句中的“主语+系动词be”可以省略。如:Thego
6、ods(whichwere)orderedlastmonthhaven'tarrivedyet.⒊在know,think,consider,suppose,find,believe,say,decide等动词后面所接的宾语从句中,连词that可以省略;若带有多个宾语从句,只有第一个that可省略,其余的则不能。如:Ithink(that)itwillclearup(转晴)thisafternoon.Hesaid(that)thetextwasveryimportantandthatweshoul
7、dlearnitbyheart.6⒋由which,when,where,how和why引导的宾语从句,可全部或部分省略。如:Hewillcomeback,buthedoesn'tknowwhen(hewillcomeback).⒌在与suggest,request,order,advise等词相关的名词性从句中,须用虚拟语气形式'should+动词原形,should可省略。如:Theofficerorderedthathismen(should)fire.Itissuggestedthatwe(
8、should)gotoseetheflim.4复合句中特殊的省略现象⒈主句省略多用于句首,在答句中,主句或者一些成分可全部省略。如:(Itisa)PitythatIdidn'tgotomary'sbirthdaypartyyesterday.⒉省略一个从句或从句的一部分,可用so或not代替。如:—Shemaynotbefreetoday.—Ifso(so=sheisnotfreetoday),wewillhavetoreportthemanager.—Ishefeelingbettertoda