自考本科英美文学

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1、AmericanLiterature美国文学TheRomanticPeriodEndofthe18thcentury---theoutbreakoftheCivilWar.WashingtonIrving’sTheSketchBook华盛顿。欧文的《见闻札记》Whitman’sLeaveofGrass惠特曼的《草叶集》AmericanRenaissance美国文艺复兴Backgroundwestwardexpansion西部扩张Industrialtransformation工业的发展Democracyand

2、equalitySenseofoptimismMoodoffeelinggoodAmericanRomanticismAderivative派生出来的Underforeigninfluence：EnglishRomanticistsCommonfeatures:1.theimaginativeandemotionalqualitiesofliterature2.freeexpressionofemotion3.theindividualandthecommonmanUniquefeatures:1.pione

3、eringintothewest---amescapefromsocietyandareturntonature2.AmericanPuritanism清教思想：tomoralize,originalsinandmysteryofevil3.NewEnglandTranscendentalism新英格兰先验主义PuritanismthepracticesandbeliefsofthePuritansserious,religiouspeople,advocatinghighlyreligiousandmora

4、lprinciples.predestination,originalsinandtotaldepravityaenduringinfluenceonAmericanliteratureNewEnglandTranscendentalism新英格兰先验主义Startedbyagroupofpeoplewhoweremembersofthetranscendentalclub.Twomostsignificantwriters:EmersonandThoreauEmphasis:thenatureandindi

5、vidual（p.402）MajorwritersPoets:PhilipFreneau菲利普·弗伦诺WilliamCullenBryant威廉·柯伦·布莱恩特HenryWordsworthLongfellow;朗费罗EdgarEllenPoe;爱伦坡WaltWhitman惠特曼WashingtonIving华盛顿欧文JamesFenimoreCooper库柏HermanMelville赫尔曼·麦尔维尔NathanielHawthorne霍桑RalphWaldoEmerson爱默生WashingtonIrvi

6、ng华盛顿欧文EarlyromanticistOneofthefirstAmericanwriterstoearnaninternationalreputationFatherofAmericanshortstoriesAmericanGoldsmith美国炼金士(p.406)HisworksTheSketchBook见闻札记33essaysRipVanWinkle瑞普·凡·温克尔TheLegendofSleepyHollow睡谷传奇FromGermanlegend.RalphWaldoEmersonSpok

7、esmanofNewEnglandTranscendentalism（新英格兰先验主义的代言人）TranscendentalClubNature–anunofficialmanifesto宣言书NewEnglandTranscendentalismOver-soul—anall-pervadingpowerIndividual—intuitiveknowledgeandselfreliantNature–emblematicofthespiritualworldNature—theUnofficialmani

8、festoHenryDavidThoreau梭罗–Walden瓦尔登湖HisessaysAmericanScholar美国学者Self–Reliance自力更生TheOver-soul超灵TheNature自然NathanielHawthorne（霍桑）PuritanfamilyAncestorsBlackvisionoflifeandhumanbeings.Thisisevilineveryhum