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1、ClauseLévi-StraussByZhuWenzhaoContentsofthispresentation：IntroductionofStraussStructuralismwhatisstructurewhatisstructuralismStrauss’sfourprocedurestostructuralismAnthropologicaltheoriesMythwhatismythStrauss’sstudyofmythIntroductionofStraussStrauss(28November19

2、08–30October2009)wasborntoFrenchparentswhowerelivinginBrusselsatthetime,wherehisfatherwasworkingasapainter.Hestudiedlawandphilosophy,butfoundneitherinteresting.Thenhetookupanthropology.HewasaFrenchanthropologistandethnologist,andhasbeencalled,alongwithJamesGeor

3、geFrazer,the“fatherofmodernanthropology”Majorworks《野性的思维》LaPenséesauvage（1962）《忧郁的热带》Tristestropiques（1955）《神话学I-IV》MythologiquesI-IV《结构人类学》Anthropologiestructurale（1958）《种族与历史》Raceethistoire（1952）《结构人类学之二》Anthropologiestructuraledeux（1973）《亲属关系的基本结构》LesStructu

4、resélémentairesdelaparenté（1949）WhatisStructure?Somethingmadeupofanumberofpartsthatareheldorputtogetherinaparticularway.Thewayinwhichpartsarearrangedorputtogethertoformawhole;makeup.TheinterrelationorarrangementofpartsinacomplexentityInotherwords,structureisrul

5、esandprinciplesoperativeintheworld,orwecansay,theworldiscomposedofmanydifferentelements,eachofwhichhasitsownfunction,arecloselyboundupwitheachotherinsortofapatternorstructure.Whatisstructuralism?StructuralismisanintellectualmovementwhichbeganinFranceinthe1950sa

6、ndisfirstseenintheworkoftheanthropologistClaudeLevi-Strauss.Itsessenceisthebeliefthatthingscannotbeunderstoodinisolation----theyhavetobeseeninthecontextofthelargerstructurestheyarepartof(hencetheterm“structuralism”).ItemphasizeswholenessandsynchronicStrauss’sfo

7、urprocedurestoStructuralismStraussspecifiedfourproceduresbasictostructuralism.StructuralanalysisexaminesunconsciousinfrastructuresofculturalphenomenaItregardstheelementsofinfrastructuresas“relational”,notasindependententities.Itattendssingle-mindedlytosystemItp

8、ropoundsgenerallawsaccountingfortheunderlyingorganizingpatternsofphenomenaAnthropologicaltheoriesStrausssoughttoapplythestructurallinguisticsofSaussuretoanthropology.Attheti