3.1组播介绍,IGMP协议

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1、WhyMulticast?6popUsedwhensendingsamedatatojnultiplereceiversBetterbandwidthutilization■Lesshost/「oute「processingUsedwhenaddressesof「eceivergunknoy

2、liyeiy:propsaretobeexpected.Multicas■”icationswilladdressMulticastDisadvantagesapplicationsmusrnotexpectreliabledeliverydesignedaccordingly.Reliablemulticastapplthisissue.__Y.■Np史naespoi]avoidance:ThelackoAtCPwindQwinqprKlikslow-b"startAmechanismscanresul

3、tinnetworkcongestion/ltpossible,multicastapplicationsshouldattempttodetectandavoidcongestionconditions・《TD・Out-of-sequencedelivery:NetworktopologychangesaffectkheOldeiufdellveiy——tfwapplicationmustproperlyaddresstheissue.4ADuplicatesjSomemulticastprotocol

4、mechanismsresultintheshould•enerationofduplicatepackets.Multicastapplicationsdesignedtoexpectoccasionalduplicatepackets.MulticastConceptualModelLasthoprouterReceiversegment1■一SourcesegmentF；「st・hoDrouter」

5、卫理讥恥1dataflowMulticastdistrimitiontreeIPMulticast

6、AddressesDescriptionRangeReservedlinklocaladdress2.GloballyscopedaddressesSourcespecificmulticastGLOPaddressesLimitedscopeaddresses■232.0.0.0to232.255.255.255£叫b224.0.1.0to238.255.255.255233.0.0.0to233.255.255.2552240.0.0to22400.255Xq723900.0to239.255.255

7、.255Globallyscopedaddresses224.0.1.0to238.255.255.255232.255.255.255Sourcespecificmulticast233.0.0.0to233.255.255.255GLOP:

8、AS-—>MulticastAS65123=OxFE63233.254.99.0/24申请一个AS送的组播地址把AS号16进制，让后再10进制IntGinGtGroupManaqariGntProtocol•Thewavhoststellroutersabou

9、tarouomemberstTipSIGMPv!-PacketFormatVerTypeUnusedChecksumGroupAddressVer:CodeVersion=1Type:1=HostMembershipQuery2=HostMembershipReportGroupAddress:MulticastGroupAddress

10、EII工处f

11、任T)(乙.扌吐二牛IGMPvl-JoiningaGroupIGMPvl碍t人

12、介咔Joiningmembersendsreportto224.1.1.1

13、immediatelyuponjoiningIGMPvl-LeavingaGroupIGMPv2(cont.)Querierelectionmechanism•Onmultiaccessnetworks,anIGMPquerierrouteriselectedbasedonthelowestIPaddress.Onlythequerierroutersendsqueries.厂Query-intervalresponsetim