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1、养孩子别太讲究Manyexpertsadvisecommonsense."Wedon'twanttosaytochildren,'OK,playbythedirtyriverbankandcatchwhateveryoucan,butwecansaythere'snothingwrongwithkidsplayinginthedirt.Theydon'thavetoliveintotalsanitation,andtheywon'tdiefromeatingsomethingoffthefloor.It'sprobabl
2、ymorehealthythannot."OnasmallfamilyfarminMongolia,aroosterstrutsaroundlittleBayar'sbed,agoatdrinksfromhisbathwaterandlivestockserveasbabysitters.Bycontrast,Mari,growingupinhigh-rise,high-techTokyo,andHattie,whosedotingparentslivea"green"lifestyleinSanFrancisco,bo
3、thhavemodernconveniencesandsanitation.Statistically,MariandHattiearehealthier.Some42outof1,000childreninNamibia,and41outof1,000inMongoliadiebeforetheir5thbirthday;comparedwithonly8in1,000intheU.S.andonly4inJapan.Yettheupscaleurbaninfantsareathigherriskforsomeheal
4、thproblems--includingallergies,asthmaandautoimmunediseaseslikeType1diabetes,multiplesclerosisandinflammatoryboweldisease--thanthebabiesintheruraldevelopingworld.Now,there'sresearchthatsuggeststheremaybeawaytogetthebestofbothworlds.Accordingtothe"hygienehypothesis
5、,"firstproposedin1989,exposuretoavarietyofbacteria,virusesandparasiticwormsearlyinlifehelpsprimeachild'simmunesystem,muchlikesensoryexperiencesprogramhisbrain.Withoutsuchearlyinstruction,theimmunesystemmaygohaywireandoverreactwithallergiestofoods,pollenandpetdand
6、erorturnonthebody'sowntissue,settingoffautoimmunedisorders.Manyofthesemicroorganismsevolvedsymbioticallywithhumansovermillionsofyears--theso-called"oldfriends"theory.Butwherethey'vebeeneradicated,akeypartofhumandevelopmenthasbeenthrownoff."Thevastmajorityofmicrob
7、esareharmless.Thereareonlyafewdozenthatcancauselethalinfections,"saysThomasMcDade,directoroftheLaboratoryforHumanBiologyResearchatNorthwesternUniversity.Thereareotherdangerslurkinginmuddywaterandanimalfeces.Nearly70%ofthe8.8milliondeathsofchildrenunderage5world-w
8、idein2008werecausedbyinfectiousdiseases,mostfrequentlypneumonia,diarrheaandmalaria,accordingtoananalysisintheLancetlastweek.Scientistsarestillworkingonwaystose
