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1、自动化081Y10208110王嘉浩PLCs--Past,PresentandFutureEveryoneknowsthere'sonlyoneconstantinthetechnologyworld,andthat'schange.ThisisespeciallyevidentintheevolutionofProgrammableLogicControllers(PLC)andtheirvariedapplications.Fromtheirintroductionmorethan30yearsago,PLCshavebec
2、omethecornerstoneofhundredsofthousandsofcontrolsystemsinawiderangeofindustries.Atheart,thePLCisanindustrializedcomputerprogrammedwithhighlyspecializedlanguages,anditcontinuestobenefitfromtechnologicaladvancesinthecomputerandinformationtechnologyworlds.Themostprominen
3、tofwhichisminiaturizationandcommunications.TheShrinkingPLCWhenthePLCwasfirstintroduced,itssizewasamajorimprovement-relativetothehundredsofhard-wiredrelaysandtimersitreplaced.AtypicalunithousingaCPUandI/Owasroughlythesizeofa19televisionset.Throughthe1980sandearly1990s
4、,modularPLCscontinuedtoshrinkinfootprintwhileincreasingincapabilitiesandperformance(seeDiagram1fortypicalmodularPLCconfiguration).Inrecentyears,smallerPLCshavebeenintroducedinthenanoandmicroclassesthatofferfeaturespreviouslyfoundonlyinlargerPLCs.Thishasmadespecifying
5、alargerPLCjustforadditionalfeaturesorperformance,andnotincreasedI/Ocount,unnecessary,aseventhoseinthenanoclassarecapableofEthernetcommunication,motioncontrol,on-boardPIDwithautotune,remoteconnectivityandmore.PLCsarealsonowwell-equippedtoreplacestand-aloneprocesscontr
6、ollersinmanyapplications,duetotheirabilitytoperformfunctionsofmotioncontrol,dataacquisition,RTU(remotetelemetryunit)andevensomeintegratedHMI(humanmachineinterface)functions.Previously,thesefunctionsoftenrequiredtheirownpurpose-builtcontrollersandsoftware,plusaseparat
7、ePLCforthediscretecontrolandinterlocking.TheGreatCommunicatorPossiblythemostsignificantchangeinrecentyearsliesinthecommunicationsarena.Inthe1970sModiconintroductionofModbuscommunicationsprotocolallowedPLCstocommunicateoverstandardcabling.Thistranslatestoanabilitytopl
8、acePLCsincloserproximitytorealworlddevicesandcommunicatebacktoothersystemcontrolsinamainpanel.7Inthepast30yearswehaveseenliterallyh
