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1、Chapter28POLITICALECONOMYOFTRADEPOLICYDANIRODRIK*ColumbiaUniversity,CEPR,andNBERContents1.Introduction14582.Generalconsiderations14582.1.Ageneralfi'amework14603.Atypologyofmodels14633.1.Thetariff-formationfunctionapproach14633.2.Thepoliticalsupportfunctionapproach14643.3.Median-votera
2、pproach14653.4.Thecampaigncontributionsapproach(Magee-Brock-Young)14663.5.Thepoliticalcontributionsapproach(Grossman-Helpman)14684.Whyisinternationaltradenotfree?14704.1.Tariffsasameansofreducingcostlyredistribution14714.2.Tariffsasinformationallyefficientpolicies14734.3.Otherexplanat
3、ions14754.4.Thechoiceamongalternativetradepolicyinstruments14754.5.Summaryandevaluation14765.Whyaretradepoliciesbiasedagainsttrade?14766.Protectionacrossindustries,countries,andtime14806.1.Protectionacrossindustries14816.2.Protectionacrosscountriesorinstitutionalcontexts14836.3.Protec
4、tionovertime14857.Consequencesofviewingtradepolicyfrompolitical-economylenses14878.Concludingremarks1490References1490*IamindebtedtoKymAnderson,BobBaldwin,DickBaldwin,JimCassing,RobFeenstra,AryeHillman,SteveMagee,WolfgangMayer,DougNelson,SharynO'Halloran,EdwardJohnRay,RayRiezman,RonRo
5、gowski,GuidoTabellini,MarianoTommasi,andespeciallyGeneGrossmanfortheirhelpinthepreparationofthispaper.HandbookofInternationalEconomics,vol.I11,EditedbyG.GrossmanandK.Rogoff©ElsevierScienceB.V.,199514571.IntroductionPerhapsnootherareaofeconomicsdisplayssuchagapbetweenwhatpolicymakerspr
6、acticeandwhateconomistspreachasdoesinternationaltrade.Thesuperiorityoffreetradeisoneoftheprofession'smostcherishedbeliefs,yetinternationaltradeisrarelyfree.Partlyasaconsequence,alargeanddistinguishedliteraturehasdevelopedovertheyearsonthepoliticaleconomyoftradepolicy.Thisliteraturehas
7、beenwellsurveyedinanumberofrecentcontributions,includingNelson(1989),Hillman(1989),Magee,BrockandYoung(1989),RiezmanandWilson(1993a),Mayer(1991),Magee(1994),andRay(1990).Thischapteroverlapswiththeseexistingsurveys,butalsodiffersfromtheminbeingmorespecificallyfocussedonthequestionstowh
8、ichth
