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1、BOOKIIMEANtoinquireif,inthecivilorder,therecanbeanysureandlegitimateruleofadministration,menbeingtakenastheyareandlawsastheymightbe.InthisinquiryIshallendeavouralwaystounitewhatrightsanctionswithwhatisprescribedbyinterest,inorderthatjusticeandutilitymayinnocasebediv
2、ided.Ienteruponmytaskwithoutprovingtheimportanceofthesubject.IshallbeaskedifIamaprinceoralegislator,towriteonpolitics.IanswerthatIamneither,andthatiswhyIdoso.IfIwereaprinceoralegislator,Ishouldnotwastetimeinsayingwhatwantsdoing;Ishoulddoit,orholdmypeace.AsIwasbornac
3、itizenofafreeState,andamemberoftheSovereign,Ifeelthat,howeverfeebletheinfluencemyvoicecanhaveonpublicaffairs,therightofvotingonthemmakesitmydutytostudythem:andIamhappy,whenIreflectupongovernments,tofindmyinquiriesalwaysfurnishmewithnewreasonsforlovingthatofmyowncoun
4、try.1.SUBJECTOFTHEFIRSTBOOKMANisbornfree;andeverywhereheisinchains.Onethinkshimselfthemasterofothers,andstillremainsagreaterslavethanthey.Howdidthischangecomeabout?Idonotknow.Whatcanmakeitlegitimate?ThatquestionIthinkIcananswer.IfItookintoaccountonlyforce,andtheeffe
5、ctsderivedfromit,Ishouldsay:"Aslongasapeopleiscompelledtoobey,andobeys,itdoeswell;assoonasitcanshakeofftheyoke,andshakesitoff,itdoesstillbetter;for,regainingitslibertybythesamerightastookitaway,eitheritisjustifiedinresumingit,ortherewasnojustificationforthosewhotook
6、itaway."Butthesocialorderisasacredrightwhichisthebasisofallotherrights.Nevertheless,thisrightdoesnotcomefromnature,andmustthereforebefoundedonconventions.Beforecomingtothat,IhavetoprovewhatIhavejustasserted.2.THEFIRSTSOCIETIESTHEmostancientofallsocieties,andtheonlyo
7、nethatisnatural,isthefamily:andevensothechildrenremainattachedtothefatheronlysolongastheyneedhimfortheirpreservation.Assoonasthisneedceases,thenaturalbondisdissolved.Thechildren,releasedfromtheobediencetheyowedtothefather,andthefather,releasedfromthecareheowedhischi
8、ldren,returnequallytoindependence.Iftheyremainunited,theycontinuesonolongernaturally,butvoluntarily;andthefamilyitselfisthenmaintainedonly
