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1、Chapter4LanguageandCulture BYJennyZhu7/17/20211094070102347/17/202124.1RelationshipbetweenlanguageandcultureGenerally,therelationofLtoCisthatofparttowhole,forLispartofC.Theknowledgeandbeliefsthatconstituteapeople’sculturearehabituallyencodedandtransmi
2、ttedinL.7/17/20213Languageisareflectionofculture,andcultureisareflectionoflanguage.Cultureinfluenceslanguagebywayofsymbolsandrulesforusingthosesymbols,aswellasourperceptionsoftheuniverse(themeaningassociatedwiththesymbols).Language,ontheotherhand,woul
3、dseemtohaveamajorimpactonthewayanindividualperceivesandconceptualizestheworld.7/17/20214TeacherLi,you’dbettertakeanumbrellawithyou,it'sgoingtorain.7/17/20215Sapir-WhorfHypothesis萨丕尔－沃尔夫假说EdwardSapir(1884-1939)andBenjaminLeeWhorf(1897-1941)Ourlanguageh
4、elpsmouldourwayofthinkingand,consequently,differentlanguagesmayprobablyexpressspeakers’uniquewaysofunderstandingtheworld.Linguisticdeterminism:Lmaydetermineourthinkingpatterns.Linguisticrelativity:differentlanguagesofferpeopledifferentwaysofexpressing
5、theworldaround.4.2Sapir-WhorfHypothesis(p146-149)7/17/202164.2Sapir-WhorfHypothesis(p146-149)Humanbeingsdonotliveintheobjectiveworldalone,noraloneintheworldofsocialactivityasordinarilyunderstood,butareverymuchatthemercyoftheparticularlanguagewhichhasb
6、ecomethemediumofexpressionfortheirsociety.…Therealworldistoalargeextentunconsciouslybuiltuponthelanguagehabitsofthegroup.Notwolanguagesareeversufficientlysimilartobeconsideredasrepresentingthesamesocialreality.(Sapir,1931)7/17/202174.2Sapir-WhorfHypot
7、hesis(p146-149)…thatthelinguisticsystem(inotherwords,thegrammar)ofeachlanguageisnotmerelyareproducinginstrumentforvoicingideasbutratherisitselftheshaperofideas,theprogramandguidefortheindividual’smentalactivity,forhisanalysisofimpression,forhissynthes
8、isofhismentalstockintrade…(Whorf,1952)7/17/202184.2Sapir-WhorfHypothesis(p146-149)BasisofSapir-WhorfhypothesisSapirandWhorfbasedtheirhypothesisontheresearchontheIndianlanguage–Navajo,whichemphasizesthenatureanddirectionofmovement.1）English:One
