Chapter1_9.6-9.11_

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1、Chapter1TheScienceofPsychology2ChapterPreviewDefiningPsychologyandExploringItsRootsContemporaryApproachestoPsychologyPsychology’sScientificMethodTypesofPsychologicalResearchResearchSamplesandSettingsConductingEthicalResearchLearningAboutPsychologyMeansLearningAboutYou3DefiningPsy

2、chologyScientificstudyofbehaviorandmentalprocessesKeyterms:ScienceBehaviorMentalprocesses4PsychologicalFrameofMindPsychologistsapproachlifequestionsasscientists.Attitudesofscientificapproach:CriticalthinkingCuriositySkepticismObjectivity5ScienceofAllHumanBehaviorNotjustaboutpsych

3、ologicaldisordersDiversefieldUnderstandingtruthsofhumanlifeinallitsdimensionsIncludespeople’sbestandworstexperiences6CareersinPsychology7HistoricalPerspectiveWesternPhilosophyBiologyandPhysiologyWilhelmWundt&StructuralismWilliamJames&FunctionalismCharlesDarwin&NaturalSelectionHis

4、toricalPerspectives:WesternPhilosophyTheconceptofchildhood(Plato&Aristotle)ChildreninmedievalandrenaissancetimesTheAgeofEnlightenmentJohnLocke(Tabularasa)Empiricism–RousseauHistoricalPerspective:WesternPhilosophy10HistoricalPerspective:StructuralismWilhelmWundt(1832-1920)Germanph

5、ilosopher-physicianIdentifyelements,orstructures,ofmentalprocessesIntrospection11HistoricalPerspective:FunctionalismWilliamJames(1842-1910)AmericanpsychologistandphilosopherIdentifypurposes,orfunctions,ofthemindWhyishumanthoughtadaptive?12HistoricalPerspective:Evolution&NaturalSe

6、lectionCharlesDarwin(1809-1882)BritishnaturalistNaturalselectionisadaptiveandfunctional...WHY?CounterargumenttoDarwin?13ContemporaryApproachesBiologicalBehavioralPsychodynamicHumanisticCognitiveEvolutionarySociocultural14ContemporaryApproach:BiologicalApproachFocusonbrainandnervo

7、ussystemNeuroscienceStructure,function,development,genetics,biochemistryofnervoussystemBrainandnervoussystemascentraltounderstandingbehavior,thought,andemotion15ContemporaryApproach:BehavioralApproachEmphasison...NotableBehaviorists:JohnB.Watson(1878-1958)B.F.Skinner(1904-1990)16

8、ContemporaryApproach:PsychodynamicApproa