道德发展--MoralDevelopmental

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1、MoralDevelopmentKohlberg’s(1984)theoryFocusesprimarilyonmoralvalues,suchasfairness,justice,equity,andhumandignityHypothesizessixstages1MoralDevelopmentKohlberg’sLevelsofMoralDevelopment2Kohlberg’sMoralLadderAsmoraldevelopmentprogresses,thefocusofconcernmovesfromthese

2、lftothewidersocialworld.Moralityofabstractprinciples:toaffirmagreed-uponrightsandpersonalethicalprinciplesMoralityoflawandsocialrules:togainapprovaloravoiddisapprovalMoralityofself-interest:toavoidpunishmentorgainconcreterewardsPostconventionallevelConventionallevelP

3、reconventionallevel3LEVELSANDSTAGESOFMORALREASONING:STAGE1LEVEL1:MORALVALUERESIDESINEXTERNALEVENTSORPHYSICALNEEDSRATHERTHANINPEOPLEANDSTANDARDSSTAGE1:ORIENTATIONTOOBEDIENCEANDPUNISHMENTDEFERENCETOSUPERIORPOWERORPRESTIGEAVOIDTROUBLESOASNOTTOBEINAPOSITIONWHEREYOUCANBEP

4、UNISHEDRESPONSIBILITYINOBJECTIVESITUATION(RESULTS)NOTINSUBJECTIVEINTENTIONS4LEVELSANDSTAGESOFMORALREASONING:STAGE1TYPICALSTAGE1JUSTIFICATIONS,RELATINGTOACTIONMOTIVATEDBYAVOIDANCEOFPUNISHMENTPRO:Ifyouletyourwifedie,youwillgetintotrouble.You’llbeblamedfornotspendingyou

5、rmoneytosaveherandtherewillbeaninvestigationofyouandthedruggistforyourwife’sdeath.CON:Youshouldnotstealthedrugbecauseyou’llbecaughtandsenttojailifyoudo.Ifyoudogetaway,yourconsciencewouldbotheryouthinkinghowthepolicewouldcatchyouatanyminute.5LEVELSANDSTAGESOFMORALREAS

6、ONING:STAGE2STAGE2:NAIVELYEGOISTICORIENTATIONCORRECTACTIONTOTAKEISONETHATSERVESONE’SNEEDSANDOCCASIONALLYOTHERS’SOMEAWARENESSOFRELATIVITYOFVALUESEACHPERSON’SNEEDSOTHERS’PERSPECTIVESQUASI-EGALITARIANISMANDORIENTATIONTOEXCHANGEANDRECIPROCITY6LEVELSANDSTAGESOFMORALREASON

7、ING:STAGE2TYPICALSTAGE2JUSTIFICATIONS,RELATINGTOACTIONMOTIVATEDBYDESIREFORREWARDORBENEFIT.POSSIBLEGUILTREACTIONSAREIGNOREDANDPUNISHMENTISVIEWEDINAPRAGMATICMANNER.DIFFERENTIATESOWNFEAR,PLEASURE,ORPAINFROMPUNISHMENT-CONSEQUENCESPRO:Ifyoudohappentogetcaughtyoucouldgivet

8、hedrugbackandyouwouldn’tgetmuchofasentence.Itwouldn’tbotheryoumuchtoservealittlejailtermifyouhaveyourwifewhenyougetout.CON:Hemaynot