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1、SUPPLEMENTBWAITINGLINESAnyonewhohaseverwaitedatastoplight,atMcDonald’s,orattheregistrar’sofficehasexperiencedthedynamicsofwaitinglines.Perhapsoneofthebestexamplesofeffectivemanage-mentofwaitinglinesisthatofWaltDisneyWorld.Onedaytheparkmayhaveonly25,000c
2、ustom-ers,butonanotherdaythenumbersmaytop90,000.Carefulanalysisofprocessflows,technologyforpeople-mover(materialshandling)equipment,capacity,andlayoutkeepsthewaitingtimesforattractionstoacceptablelevels.Theanalysisofwaitinglinesisofconcerntomanagersbeca
3、useitaffectsprocessdesign,capacityplanning,processperformance,andultimately,supplychainperformance.Inthissupplementwediscusswhywaitinglinesform,theusesofwaiting-linemodelsinoperationsmanagement,andthestructureofwaiting-linemodels.Wealsodiscussthedecisio
4、nsmanagersaddresswiththemodels.Waitinglinescanalsobeanalyzedusingcomputersimulation.SoftwaresuchasSimQuick,asimulationpackageincludedinMyOMLab,orExcelspreadsheetscanbeusedMyOMLabtoanalyzetheproblemsinthissupplement.WhyWaitingLinesFormAwaitinglineisoneor
5、more“customers”waitingforservice.Thecustomerscanbepeopleorwaitinglineinanimateobjects,suchasmachinesrequiringmaintenance,salesorderswaitingforshipping,Oneormore“customers”waitingorinventoryitemswaitingtobeused.Awaitinglineformsbecauseofatemporaryimbalan
6、ceforservice.betweenthedemandforserviceandthecapacityofthesystemtoprovidetheservice.Inmostreal-lifewaiting-lineproblems,thedemandratevaries;thatis,customersarriveatunpredictableintervals.Mostoften,therateofproducingtheservicealsovaries,dependingoncustom
7、erneeds.Supposethatbankcustomersarriveatanaveragerateof15perhourthroughoutthedayandthatLEARNINGGOALSAfterreadingthissupplement,youshouldbeableto:Identifytheelementsofawaiting-lineprobleminarealDescribethesituationswheresimulationshouldbeusedsituation.
8、forwaitinglineanalysisandthenatureoftheinformationDescribethesingle-server,multiple-server,andfinite-thatcanbeobtained.sourcemodels.Explainhowwaiting-linemodelscanbeusedtomakeExplainhowtousewaiting-linemodelstoestimatethemanag
