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1、11SUPPLYCHAINBloomberg/Contributor/GettyImagesLOCATIONDECISIONSAcompletedBMWX6crossovervehicleawaitsfinalinspectionatthecompany’splantinSpartanburg,SouthCarolina,U.S.Thisplantlocationwascarefullychosenafteranextensivestudyandnumerousgovernmentconcessions.TheX6andX5‘SportActi
2、vityVehicles,’aswellastheZ4roadsterhavebeendesignedandbuiltatthisplant.BavarianMotorWorks(BMW)avarianMotorWorks(BMW),foundedin1917andheadquarteredinBMunich,Germany,isamanufacturerofselectpremiumsegmentbrandssuchasBMW,MINI,andRolls-RoyceMotorCarsintheinternationalautomobilema
3、rket.Whenfacedwithfluctuatingexchangeratesandincreasingproductioncostsinthelate1980s,BMWdecidedthatitwastimetoconsideroperatinganewproductionfacilityoutsidetheEuropeanborders.A“blankpage”approachwasusedtocompilealistof250potentialworldwideplantsites.Furtheranalysisparedtheli
4、stdownto10viableoptions;aplantlocationintheUnitedStateswaspreferredduetoitsproximitytoalargemarketsegmentforBMW’sautomobiles.Theselectionoftheplantsiteinvolvedmanyfactorsthathadtobeanalyzedpriortoitsconstruction.BMWconsideredthelaborclimateineachcountry,geographicalrequireme
5、ntsandconstraints,anditsrelationswiththegovernmentsofthecountriesinwhichtheprospectivesiteswerelocated.Intermsofthelaborclimate,atechnologicallycapableworkforcewasneededduetothecomplexnatureoftheautomotivemanufacturingprocess.Becausethecosttotrainasingleworkerintheautomotive
6、industryisbetween$10,000and$20,000,thisfactorwasespeciallycritical.Geographicalfactorshadtobeexaminedbecausethousandsofautomobilepartsneededtobedeliveredfrombothdomesticandforeignsuppliers.Inordertokeepthesupplychaincostsdown,itwasdecidedthatthenewlocationshouldhaveamplehigh
7、way/interstateaccessandbereasonablyclosetoaportfromwhichboth385386PART3MANAGINGSUPPLYCHAINSsuppliesandfinishedautomobilescouldbeeasilytransported.AnotherconsiderationwaseasyaccesstoanairportforBMW’sexecutivestravelingbackandforthtoitsheadquartersinGermany.Thefinallocationfac
8、torwasgovernmentrelated.BMWwantedtomovetoalocationthatwas“businessfriendly”
