丁言仁《英语语言学纲要》课后习题详解

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1、课后练习第1章我们身边的语言第2章英语语法第3章英语语咅系统和书写系统第4章英语语义和词汇第5章语言在语境中的应用第6章如何学习一门语言第7章是什么使语篇成为语篇课后练习第1章我们身边的语言Homework1Stilllookingforadefinition.Inthischapter,wemadeapointofnotgivinganyonedefinitionoflanguage.Butnowwewillgiveyouafewtothinkabout.Readeachofthefollowingdefinitionscarefull

2、yandthendiscussthefollowingquestionswithapartner.Whataspectsoflanguagedoesitseemtoemphasize?Whatkindofpersondoyouthinkwroteit—alinguist,apoet,alexicographer,etc.?Whichdefinitiondoyoufindmostsatisfying?Mostinteresting?a)Languageisasystemofvocal-auditorycommunicationinterac

3、tingwiththeexperiencesofitsusers,employingconventionalsignscomposedofarbitrarilypatternedsoundunitsandassembledaccordingtosetrules.b)Languageisabodyofwordsandthesystemsfortheirusecommontoapeoplewhoareofthesamecommunity,nation,orgeographicalarea・c)Languageisthelandmassthat

4、iscontinuousunderourfeetandthefeetofothersandallowsustogettoeachother'splaces.d)Languageistheforcethathaslaunchedusbeyondthelimitsofotherspeciesofprimatesandhasenabledustodominateourenvironment.Itisnothinglessthantheprerequisiteofourconsciousnessashumanbeings.e)Languageis

5、theprincipalmeansofhumancommunication.Key:(1)Thefirstdefinitionstressesthefeaturesoflanguage(arbitrary,conventionalandpatterned),itscomponents(signs,soundsandrules)andfunction(communicationwiththeexperiencesofitsusers).Thisdefinitionisprobablygivenbyalinguist.(2)Thesecond

6、definitionstressestheusersorspeakersoflanguage,thatis,theymaycomefromthesamecommunityornationoranyothergeographicalarea.Thisdefinitionisprobablygivenbyalexicographer.(3)Thethirddefinitioncompareslanguagetothelandmassunderourfeetandemphasizesitsimportanceinlife.Thispoeticd

7、efinitionisprobablygivenbyawriter.(4)Thefourthdefinitionstressesthepoweroflanguage:itmakesusdifferentfromanimals.Thisdefinitionisprobablygivenbyananthropologist.(5)Thefifthdefinitionissimplebutpowerful.Itemphasizesthefunctionoflanguage,i.c.it，susedforcommunication.Thisdef

8、initionisprobablygivenbyanordinaryperson.Thefirstdefinitionseemsmostsatisfying.Itnotonlydealswit