陕西科技大学过程装备与控制工程过程装备双语Chapter 16 Other Sepera

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1、Chapter16ExtractionandOtherSeparationSystems乔丽洁§16.2ExtractionIntroductionofextraction(萃取）:Oneofthemethodsofseparatingtwomaterialsfromamixtureorasolution;Extraction:Aprocessforseparatingtwomaterialsinamixtureorsolutionbyintroducingathirdmaterialthatwilldissolveoneofthetwomaterialsbutnottheother.An

2、othermethodisdistillation.2.3basictypesofextraction:typesMaterialsprocessLeachingAsolidmasswithliquidAmaterialisremovedfromasolidmassbycontactingitwithaliquidwashingSolidwithliquidMaterialstickingtothesurfaceofasolidisremovedbydissolvingitinaliquidandflushingitawayliquid-liquidAll3areliquidsAllowi

3、ngthemtolayeroutbyweightordensityLeaching（浸取）Washing（漂洗）Liquid-liquidExtraction3.Reasonsforextraction(4reasonsin4Para.)4.Liquid-liquidExtractionProcess(1)3steps:(2)Fig.16.2-15.PropertiesofaGoodSolvent(7points)6.Equipment(1)Singlestage:Fig.16.2-2(2)Concurrent:multistageFig.16.2-3(3)Counter-current

4、Fig.16.2-4§16.2Extraction7.ExtractionColumns(Fig.16.2-5)8.ExtractioncolumnTermsandPrinciples§16.3AbsorptionColumnsDefinition：Anabsorptioncolumnisadeviceusedtoremoveselectedcomponentsfromagasstreambycontractingitwithagasorliquid.The2partsusethesameFig.16.3-1§16.4StrippingColumnsEquipment:Atypicalga

5、sabsorberisplateorpackeddistillationcolumnthatprovidesintimatecontactbetweenrawnaturalgasandanabsorptionmedium.§16.5AdsorptionDefinition:（1stPara.）Adsorptionistheprocessinwhichanimpurityisremovedfromaprocessstreambymakingitadheretothesurfaceofasolid,whichisaporoussolidsuchasactivatedalumina,charco

6、al（木炭）oravarietyofotheradsorptionmaterials.Process:Asweseeinthefigure,therearetwopackedtowers.ExamplesandApplication:Para3EquipmentFig.16.5-2Typesofadsorption：Ionexchange;molecularsieves;silicagel;activatedcarbonDryingDefinition:Para1Introductionofequipments:Definition：Ascrubberisadeviceusedtoremo

7、vechemicalsandsolidsfromprocessgases.Scrubbersarecylindricalandcanbefilledwithpackingmaterialorleftempty.（1st4linesandFig.16.6-1）§16.6Scrubber（涤气器）Waterthatisdrawninfromlakes,rivers,andoceans,mustbetreatedbeforei