戴炜栋《新编简明英语语言学教程》（第2版）课后习题详解

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1、课后习题第1章导言第2章音位学第3章形态学第4章句法学第5章语义学第6章语用学第7章语言变化第8章语言与社会第9章语言与文化第10章语言习得第11章第二语言习得第12章语言与大脑课后习题第1章导言1•Howdoyouinterpretthefollowingdefinitionoflinguistics:Linguisticsisthescientificstudyoflanguage.Key:Linguisticsisascientificstudyoflanguagebecauseitfollowsthemethod

2、ologyofotherscientificstudy:Firstofall,itisbasedonfullandsystematiccollectionandinvestigationoflinguisticdata,whichdisplaysomesimilarities,andgeneralizationsaremadeaboutthem.Thenlinguistsformulatesomehypothesesaboutthelanguagestructure.Thehypothesesthusformedhave

3、tobecheckedrepeatedlyagainsttheobservedfactstofullyprovetheirvalidity.Inlinguistics,asinanyotherdiscipline,dataandtheorystandinadialecticalcomplementation,thatis,atheorywithoutthesupportofdatacanhardlyclaimvalidity,anddatawithoutbeingexplainedbysometheoryremainam

4、uddledmassofthings.2.Whatarethemajorbranchesoflinguistics?Whatdoeseachofthemstudy?Key:LinguisticsincludesMicro-LinguisticsandMacro-Linguistics-(1)BranchesofMicro-Linguistics:©Phonetics:itstudiesthesoundsusedinlinguisticcommunication;©Phonology:itstudieshowsoundsa

5、reputtogetherandusedtoconveymeaningincommunication;©Morphology:itstudiesthewayinwhichlinguisticsymbolsrepresentingsoundsarearrangedandcombinedtoformwords;©Syntax:itstudiestheruleswhichgovernhowwordsarecombinedtoformgrammaticallypermissiblesentencesinlanguages;©Se

6、mantics:itstudiesmeaningconveyedbylanguage;©Pragmatics:itstudiesthemeaninginthecontextoflanguageuse.(2)BranchesofMacro・Linguistics:©Psycholinguistics:itstudieslanguageanditsrelationwithpsychology.©Sociolinguistics:itstudiesallsocialaspectsoflanguageanditsrelation

7、withsocietyformthecoreofthebranch.©Appliedlinguistics:itstudiestheapplicationsoflanguagetothesolutionofpracticalproblems.Narrowly,itistheapplicationoflinguistictheoriesandprinciplestolanguageteaching,especiallytheteachingofforeignandsecondlanguages.©Otherbranches

8、,suchascomputationallinguistics,neurolinguistics.3.Inwhatbasicwaysdoesmodernlinguisticsdifferfromtraditionalgrammar?Key:Modernlinguisticsdiffersfromtraditional