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1、climatepolicyjp■countrystudyBrazilianlow-carbontransportationpolicies:opportunitiesforinternationalsupportHAROLDOMACHADO-FILHO*MinistryofScienceandTechnologyofBrazil,EsplanadadosMinisterios,blocoE,sala242.Brasilia,D.F.70.067-900,BrazilTwotransportpolicieswithclimateco-benefitsforthein
2、tra-cityandinter-citytransportinBrazilareanalysed・Bothpoliciesaimtoshifttransportfromtheroad(carsincities,trucksbetweencities)towardslessenergy-intensivetransportmodes(bus,undergroundtrailandshipping).Themainmotivationsforthesepoliciesaredomesticbenefits,includingreducedenergycosts,fe
3、weraccidents,andreducedlocalcongestionandpollution.Despitetheseapparentbenefits,barriersandfinancingconstraintslimitthescaleandscopeofthepolicyformulationandarelikelytofurtherimpacttheirimplementation.Whileitisrelativelyeasytomobilizeinvestmentintransportlogisticsinfrastructureatthena
4、tionallevel,giventhebenefitsforeconomiccompetitivenessforthecountryasawhole,itismorechallengingtoleveragefundstoprovidemoreefficientandintegratedpublictransportsystemsatthecitylevel.Internationalcooperationcanplayasignificantroleinsupportingdomesticpolicies,andthuscontributetodirectem
5、issionsreductionsandlower-carbongrowthtrajectoriesthroughamodalshift・Policyrelevance:Amodalshiftoffreightandpassengertransportwouldenhancetheenergyefficiencyoftransportservices.InBrazil,likemostdevelopingcountries,infrastructureconstraintspreventsuchamodalshift・Barrierstoimplementingn
6、ationalpoliciescandifferwithinacountryaswellasinternationally;forexample,financialconstraintsarefarmoresevereforcitiespursuingpublictransportprojectsthanforfederalprojectsoninter-cityfreighttransport・Thiscreatesopportunitiesforinternationalsupporttotacklespecificbarriersandthushelpgov
7、ernmentstodeliverdomesticpolicyobjectives・Inordertoavoidmerelysubsidizingthetransportsectorandincreasingtransportvolumes,internationalsupporthastofocusonmeasurestofacilitateamodalshiftthatunderpinsabroadernationaltransportstrategy.Keywords:Brazil;developingcountries;CO2reduction;domes
8、ticpo
