资源描述：
《第七章 微生物生态》由会员上传分享，免费在线阅读，更多相关内容在行业资料-天天文库。
1、Chapter6MicrobialecologyandresourcesEcology生态学Resources资源Twoterms:1.Microbialecology:Isnowusedinageneralwaytodescribethepresenceanddistributionofmicrobes.Itisthestudyofthebehaviorandactivitiesofmicrobesintheirnaturalenvironments.2.Environmentalmicrobiology:Incomparison,relates
2、primarilytoall-overmicrobialprocessesthatoccurinasoil,waterorfood,asexamples.itisnotconcernedwiththeparticularmicroenvironmentwherethemicrobesactuallyarefunctioning,butwiththebroader-scaleeffectsofmicrobialpresenceandactivities.6.1Microbesinnatureecosystem6.1.1Microbesandmicro
3、environmentInamicrobialecosystem,individualcellsgrowtoformpopulations.Metabolicallyrelatedpopulationsconstitutegroupingscalledguilds.Setsofguildsconductingcomplementaryphysiologicalprocessesinteracttoformmicrobialcommunities.Microbialcommunitiestheninteractswithcommunitiesofmi
4、crobestodefinetheentireecosystem.6.1.2DistributionofmicrobesThedistributionofmicrobesinnatureecosystemdependsontheresources(nutrients)availableandonthegrowthconditions.Temperature,PH,wateravailability,light,oxygenofahabitatdefinethenicheforeachparticularmicrobes.1.Insoilorgani
5、smsinsoilsoilisthehabitat(环境)foravarietyoforganisms,includingbacteria,actinomycetes,fungi,protozoa,insects,nematodes（线虫）,wormsandmanyotheranimals.Virusesalsoarepresentinsoils.Thiscomplexbiologicalcommunitycontributestotheformation（形成）,maintenance（维持）,andinsomesituations,thedeg
6、radation（降解）anddisappearance（消失）ofsoils.(2)Soilsasanenvironmentformicrobes:Amajorcharacteristicofsoilstheyaretypicallynotwatersaturated（饱和）,makingitpossibleforoxygentopenetrateintothepassagesandporessoilsalsocancontainisolatedregionswhicharewatersaturated,andtheseisolatedregio
7、nsbecome“mini”aquatic（水生的）environments.Themicroenvironmentbacteriatendtobepresentasisolatedmicrocolonies（微菌落）onsurfacesandinpores,whicharecoveredbythinwaterfilms.Filamentous（丝状的）fungiareabletogrowonandbetweentheseaggregated（聚集的）particles,orprotozoamoveinwaterfilmsandgrazeonbac
8、teria,especiallywhentheyarenotprotectedinsoilpores.proportion
