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1、Lesson21.Metaphor:暗喻Afigureofspeechinwhichawordorphrasethatordinarilydesignatesonethingisusedtodesignateanother,thusmakinganimplicitcomparison.暗喻是一种修辞，通常用指某物的词或词组来指代他物，从而暗示二者之间的相似之处。1).Andsecondly,becauseIhadalumpinmythroatandalotofsadthoughtsonmymindthathadlittletodowithanything
2、inNipponrailwaysofficialmightsay.2).…Iwasagaincrushedbythethought…(Page13,Para.4,Line1)3).…Atlasttheintermezzocametoanendand…(Page13,Para.4,Line1)4).…whenthemeaningoftheselastwordssankin,joltingme…(P15,P.7,Lines1~3)2.alliteration（头韵）:istheuseofseveralwordsincloseproximitybeginnin
3、gwiththesameletterorletters.e.g.1)thefasttrainintheworldslippedtoastop….2)Ifeelsick,,andeversincethentheyhavebeentestingandtreatingme….3.rhetoricalquestion(反诘句)e.g.1)WasInotatthesceneofthecrime?4.Synecdoche:提喻Afigureofspeechinwhichapartisusedforthewhole(ahandforsailor),thewholefo
4、rapart(asthelawforpoliceofficer),thespecificforthegeneral(ascutthroatforassassin),thegeneralforthespecific(asthiefforpickpocket),orthematerialforthethingfromwhichitismade(assteelforsword).举隅法，提喻法：一种修辞方法，以局部代表整体（如用手代表水手），以整体代表局部（如用法律代表警官），以特殊代表一般（如用直柄剃刀代表杀人者），以一般代表特殊（如用贼代表扒手），或用原材
5、料代表用该材料制造的东西（如用钢代表剑）e.g.1)TheratherarrestingspectacleoflittleoldJapanadriftamidbeigeconcreteskyscrapersistheverysymboloftheincessantstrugglebetweenthekimonoandtheminiskirt.(Para.7)littleoldJapan:traditionalJapanesehouses2)Therewerefreshbows,andthefacesgrewmoreandmoreseriouseachti
6、methenameHiroshimawasrepeated.(synecdoche)5.Metonymy:换喻Afigureofspeechinwhichonewordorphraseissubstitutedforanotherwithwhichitiscloselyassociated,asintheuseof“Washington”for“theUnitedStatesgovernment”orof“thesword”for“militarypower”.e.g.1)换喻，转喻：一种一个词或词组被另一个与之有紧密联系的词或词组替换的修辞方法，如用“
7、华盛顿”代替“美政府”或用“剑”代替“军事力量”TheratherarrestingspectacleoflittleoldJapanadriftamidbeigeconcreteskyscrapersistheverysymboloftheincessantstrugglebetweenthekimonoandtheminiskirt.(Para.7)thekimonoandtheminiskirt:theJapanesecultureandthewesternculture6.Irony：反语Theuseofwordstoexpresssomethi
8、ngdifferentfromandoftenoppositetotheirli
