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1、THESISCONTRARYTOFACT(alsoknownas:counterfactualfallacy,speculativefallacy,"whatif"fallacy,wouldchuck)Description:Offeringapoorlysupportedclaimaboutwhatmighthavehappenedinthepastorfuture,if(thehypotheticalpart)circumstancesorconditionsweredifferent. Thefallacyalsoent
2、ailstreatingfuturehypotheticalsituationsasiftheyarefact.LogicalForm:IfeventXdidhappen,theneventYwouldhavehappened.(basedonlyonspeculation)Example#1:IfyouacceptedJesus,youwouldhaveneverwatchedthatR-ratedmovie!Explanation:Thisisspeculationatbest,notfoundedonevidence,a
3、ndisunfalsifiable. Maybe,ifIacceptedJesus,IwouldhavewatchedanX-ratedmovieinstead,andusedtheexcusethatIhadto“getthedemonsout”. Whoknows.Example#2:IfyouacceptJesus,youwillneverbelonelyagain. Jesuswillalwaysberightbyyourside(spirituallyspeaking).Explanation:Futurehypot
4、heticalsthatarestatedasfactaremostoftennothingmorethanfalsepromises. MaybeIwillneverbelonelywithJesus,ormaybeIamthetypewholikestokeepcompanywithotherhumanbeings. Regardless,ifthetheistsarecorrect,thenGodiseverywhere(omnipresent)whetherwebelieveinhimornot.Exception:I
5、neither/orsituations,generalpredictionscanobviouslybemadewithoutfallacy:Ifyoudidn’tflipaheadsonthecoin,itwouldhavebeentails.Hereisanotherexample.7yearold:"Ifyouloveme,youwouldnevermakemeeatthosebroccoli!"Mom:"ButIdoloveyou!Okay,youdon'thavetoeatthosebroccoli."Contra
6、ry-to-FactHypothesis Thisfallacyconsistsintreatingahypotheticalclaimasifitwereastatementoffactbymakingaclaim,withoutsufficientevidence,aboutwhatwouldhavehappenedinthepastifotherconditionshadbeenpresentoraneventthatwilloccurinthefuture.Example:Considerthefollowingc
7、ontrary-to-facthypotheses,noneofwhichisprovidedwithanysupport:"Ifyouhadonlytastedthestewedsnails,youwouldhavelovedthem";"IfIhadn'tgoofedaroundmyfirstyearincollege,Iwouldhavebeenacceptedatmedicalschool";"IfIhadonlybeenthereforhimlastnight,hewouldn'thavekilledhimself"
8、;or"IfonlyIhadpracticedalittlemoreonmybackhand,Icouldhavewonthattennistournament." Itisnotlikelythatanyevidencecouldbemusteredtosupports
