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1、CHAPTERIII.PRIVATISATIONOFBRITISHTELECOM:ITSSUCCESSANDINFLUENCETheprivatisationofBritishTelecomin1984wasoneofthemostextraordinaryeventsincontemporarytelecommunications.'FewcompanieshaveremadethemselvessocompletelyasBritishTelecommunicationsplc,thestate-ownedph
2、onecompanythatwasprivatisedin1984.Sinceprivatisation,it(BT)hascutcosts,sheditsslow-movingbureaucraticmethodsandclaimedaplaceasadominantforceintheworld-widetelecommunicationsindustry'(NewYorkTimes,March1993).Sincethen,privatisingtelecommunicationsoperatorshasbe
3、comeapopularphenomenonaroundtheworld.Governmentsofmanycountrieshavetakenthetransformationoftheownershipstatusoftelecommunicationssystemsasoneoftheirkeystepstoliberalisethisindustry.Therefore,awell-groundedunderstandingofprivatisationisarguablyessentialforgaini
4、nganunderstandingoftelecommunicationsderegulation.ThischapterwillprovideareviewandanalysisofthecaseofprivatisationinBritain,asBritainisproperlyviewedasthepioneerofthecontemporaryglobalprivatisationmovement.THEBACKGROUNDOFPRIVATISATIONBritishindustrialstructure
5、exhibitedagrowingtrendtowardsnationalisationbetweenthe1930sand1960s.Thepost-warLabourGovernmentmadeaconsciousefforttonationalisesuchindustriesascoal,aviation,railways,roadhaulage,gas,ironandsteel,electricityandtheBankofEngland.Inthe1970s,theGovernmentnationali
6、sedothertransportcompanies,aswellasBritishLeyland,BritishAerospace,BritishShipbuildersandsomehigh–technologycompaniessuchasFerranti,CableandWireless,andAmershamInternational.TheLabourGovernmentbaseditsnationalisationprogrammeontheprinciplescontainedinClause4of
7、theLabourPartyConstitution,namelythatthepartyexisted'tosecurefortheproducersbyhandandbrainthefullfruitsoftheirindustry,andthemostequitabledistributionthereofthatmaybepossibleonthebasisofthecommonownershipofthemeansofproduction'(ConstitutionoftheLabourParty,196
8、0).However,withthepassingoftime,experiencehasshownthatstateownedenterpriseshavemetwithconsiderabledifficulties.Thesedifficultiesinclude:lowproductivityandefficiency,politicalinterf
