M41_KNIG7655_03_ITG_CH41

《M41_KNIG7655_03_ITG_CH41》由会员上传分享，免费在线阅读，更多相关内容在学术论文-天天文库。

1、CHAPTER41AtomicPhysicsRecommendedclassdays:3BackgroundInformationThefinaltwochaptersaretheculminationofelementaryquantumphysics.Thelevelofpresentationishigherthaninotherintroductorytextsbecausestudentshavelearnedsomebasicideasaboutwavefunctions,butlowerthaninamodernphysicscourse.Th

2、ischapteronatomicphysicsprovidesanimportantwrap-uptothestorylineabouttheatomicstructureofmatter,anditresolvespreviouslyintroducedissuesaboutspectraandthedifferencebetweenabsorptionandemissionspectra.Inaddition,studentsfindtheinformationaboutlaserstobequiteinteresting.TheBohrmodelof

3、theatomintroducedtheideaofstationarystates,buttheBohrmodelwasanadhochypothesisandnotacompletetheory.Consequently,Bohrwasunabletodeterminethestationarystatesofanyatomotherthanhydrogen.Quantummechanicsisatheoryofthebehaviorofmatterattheatomicscale.Itisimportantforstudentstounderstand

4、that:•Quantummechanicsdoespredictthestationarystatesofatomscorrectly.•Thesesuccessfulpredictions,amongmanyothers,arethetestsbywhichwebelievethatquantummechanicsisthecorrecttheoryofatomicstructure.Moststudentshavelearnedrulesaboutelectronconfigurationsintheirchemistryclasses,somanyo

5、ftheideasinthischapterarenotnewtothem.However,introductorychemistryprovidesnoexplanationorjustificationoftherules.Althoughwearen’tgoingtosolvetheSchrödingerequationforhydrogeninthiscourse,studentshaveseenenoughquantummechanicstorecognizeandunderstandthatthequantumnumbersareassociat

6、edwithfindingtheallowablewavefunctions.Wecanthenuseagraphicalpresentationofthewavefunctionstomotivatetheideasoftheshellmodelofatomicstructure.Thepresentationisstraightforward,nottoodetailed,andshouldpresentnoformidablechallengestostudents.Theoneknownareaofdifficultyiswithregardtoat

7、omicexcitation.Instructorstakeitforgrantedthatatomscanbeexcitedviainelasticcollisionswithelectronsor41-1otheratoms.Manystudentsdon’trecognizethispossibilityunlessitispointedoutexplicitly.Mostwillneedafewpracticeexercisestothinkaboutenergyconservationinsuchcollisions,torecognizehowt

8、heatomrespondsbyemittingon