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1、CHAPTER36RelativityRecommendedclassdays:4BackgroundInformationAtomsandelectronsareinferred,notseen.Evenso,thephenomenaofthermodynamicsandelectricitythroughwhichwelearnaboutatomsandelectronsareeasilyobserved.Notsowithrelativity.Thephenomenaofrelativityliefaroutsideoureverydayexper
2、ienceortherealmofclassroomdemonstrations.Addtothisthefactthatrelativitycompletelyupendssomeofourmostbasicconcepts,conceptsthatwe’verelieduponsincechildhood,anditshouldcomeasnosurprisethatmanystudentsarethoroughlyconfusedbyrelativityandfailtograspeventhemostbasicideas.Themostimpor
3、tantstudyofstudentunderstandingofrelativityisbyScherr,Shaffer,andVokos(2001).Thatstudylimiteditselftostudentunderstandingoftimeandsimultaneity;noonehasinvestigatedstudentunderstandingofspaceandlengthorofmomentumandenergy.Alimitedamountofearlierresearch,summarizedbyScherretal.,had
4、foundthat:•Studentsthinkthatreferenceframesarefiniteinsize.•Studentsthinkthatmotionis“intrinsic,”nottiedtoareferenceframe.Theytrytodistinguishbetween“realmotion”and“apparentmotion,”thelatterbeinganillusion.•Evenafterstudy,relativisticeffectssuchastimedilationareseenas“distortions
5、ofperception”ratherthanreal.Theirresearch,whichprobedtheseissuesinmoredepth,confirmedthefindingthatmanystudentsseemtoseerelativityasprovidingthe“corrections”thatallowustoreconcileperceptionswitheventsthathappeninabsolutespaceandabsolutetime.UsingwhattheycalledtheSeismologistquest
6、ion,Scherretal.lookedatstudentunderstandingofreferenceframesandsimultaneitywithinasinglereferenceframe.Inthisquestion,aseismologistisatrestmidwaybetweenMt.RainierandMt.Hoodwhiletheseismologist’sassistantisatrestatthebaseofMt.Rainier.Thevolcanoeserupt,andtheseismologistseesbotheru
7、ptionssimultaneously.Inthereferenceframeoftheassistant,doesMt.Rainiereruptbefore,after,oratthesametimeasMt.Hood?36-1Becausebothobserversareinthesamereferenceframe,andtheseismologistdeterminesthattheeruptionsaresimultaneous,theassistantshouldalsoconcludethattheeruptionsaresimultan
8、eous.Nonetheless,thisverybasicquestionwa
