字符串类和标准输入输出流类专题讲座

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1、标准模板库STL——字符串类和标准输入输出流类简介一、C++中的字符串string1、string是模板类basic_string的char型版本或者说模板类basic_string的实例化。namespacestd{template,classAllocator=allocator>classbasic_string;}namespacestd{typedefbasic_stringstring;typedefbasic_stri

2、ngwstring;}2、string的成员函数OperationEffectconstructorsCreateorcopyastringdestructorDestroysastring=,assign()Assignanewvalueswap()Swapsvaluesbetweentwostrings+=,append(),push_back()Appendcharactersinsert()Insertscharacterserase()Deletescharactersclear()Removesallchara

3、cters(makesitempty)resize()Changesthenumberofcharacters(deletesorappendscharactersattheend)replace()Replacescharacters+Concatenatesstrings==,!=,<,<=,>,>=,compare()Comparestringssize(),length()Returnthenumberofcharactersmax_size()Returnsthemaximumpossiblenumberofcharacterse

4、mpty()Returnswhetherthestringisemptycapacity()Returnsthenumberofcharactersthatcanheldwithoutbereallocation[],at()Accessacharacter>>,getline()Readthevaluefromastream<

5、邓涛2006年8月82data()Returnsthevalueascharacterarraysubstr()ReturnsacertainsubstringfindfunctionsSearchforacertainsubstringorcharacter（有多种不同形式的查找，故有多个查找函数）begin(),end()Providenormaliteratorsupportrbegin(),rend()Providereverseiteratorsupport注：string的许多成员函数都有许多不同的版本（即参数的个数、类型有差别

6、）。如构造函数string就有如下多种：stringsCreatestheemptystringsstrings(str)Createsastringasacopyoftheexistingstringstrstrings(str,stridx)Createsastringsthatisinitializedbythecharactersofstringstrstartingwithindexstridxstrings(str,stridx,strlen)Createsastringsthatisinitializedby,atmost,s

7、trlencharactersofstringstrstartingwithindexstridxstrings(cstr)CreatesastringsthatisinitializedbytheC-stringcstrstrings(chars,chars_len)Createsastringsthatisinitializedbychars_lencharactersofthecharacterarraycharsstrings(num,c)Createsastringthathasnumoccurrencesofcharacterc

8、strings(beg,end)Createsastringthatisinitializedbyallcharactersoftherange[beg,end)s.~strin