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1、n表示上升或增长的词或短语主要包括：动词类：increase/rise/grow/hikejump/leap/surgesoar/skyrocketreach/hit/breakgouppush(up)amounttoshootupmove/spiral/upward非动词类anincrease/riseofagrowth/leap/surge/upsurgeanupwardtrend/movement/spiralupfrom/torising/increasingtoontherise/increase像jump,leap,soar,
2、shootup和skyrocket等次表示“迅速、大幅度增加或上升”，而其他的词和短语在表达上述意思时还须增加相应的副词或类似的短语Oilpricesincreaseddramaticallyfromthesecondquarterof2000throughtoNovemberbuttheneased,partlybecauseoftheglobalslowdown•Thecountry’surbanretailsalesleaptnearly12%.•Worldtradevolumesrosesharplyin2000,particul
3、arlyearlyintheyear.•Theglobaleconomyin2000grewatitsfastestpaceinoveradecadeandahalf.•Actualforeigndirectinvestmentroseby24.2%toUSD$4.58billioninthefirsttwomonthsofthisyearwhilecontractedFDIshotupby（承包外商直接投资飙升）47.1%inthesameperiod.n表示减少或下降的词和短语主要有：动词类decrease/drop/fall/sli
4、p/declineslide/shrink/trim/dwindle/cutslump/collapse/crash/slashslacken/slump/dipplunge/plummet/nosedivemovedownwardslowdownbereduced/deducted非动词类adecline/dropofadownwardtrend/movementdownfrom/downtodeclining/droppingtoonthedecrease/decline在这些词和短语中，有的本身就含有剧烈或大幅度的意思，如plung
5、e,plummet,nosedive,slump,collapse,crash,也有一些本身表示少量和小幅度的意思，如shrink,trim。•InApril,thewholesalepriceindexdecreased0.7%fromayearearlier.•ActualinvestmentduringJanuary-Octoberwasreducedto3%.•Third-quarterUSGDPdatashowedthatprofitshaddroppedto4.1percentofGDP•Growthinpropertysal
6、esslid13%inOctoberfrom37%inthefirstthreequartersof2010•TheInternationalMonetaryFundpredictsthatthecountry’sGDPgrowthwilldipbackbelow8%in2010.对于表示增长或下降的中性词或短语，大家还可以加上表示程度或幅度的副词或短语达到自己想要表达的效果。以下列出比较常用的一些副词和短语，从左到右变化强度依次递增。变化幅度fractionally,marginally,slightly,markedly,greatl
7、y,considerably,substantially,alittle,abit,rather,somewhat,alot,agreatdeal,much,far变化速度slowly,gradually,gently,quickly,suddenly,sharply,rapidly表示平稳或趋平的词和短语主要有:•Stand/remain/bemaintainedat•Remainstable/constant/unchanged•Hoverabout•Hover/stayaround•Leveloff/out例句：•Thecountr
8、y’spublicdebttoGDPrationstoodat14.6percent-acomparativelylowfigurebyinternationalstandards.•GDPg
