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1、ThermoelectricCooling-TheBasics1IntroductionAlthoughthermoelectric(TE)phenomenawerediscoveredmorethan150yearsago,thermoelectricdevices(TEcoolers)haveonlybeenappliedcommerciallyduringrecentdecades.Forsometime,commercialTECshavebeendevelopinginparallelwithtwomainstreamdirec
2、tionsoftechnicalprogress一electronicsandphotonics,particularlyoptoelectronicsandlasertechniques.Lately,adramaticincreaseintheapplicationofTEsolutionsinoptoelectronicdeviceshasbeenobserved,suchasdiodelasers,superluminescentdiodes(SLD),variousphotodetectors,diodepumpedsolids
3、tatelasers(DPSS),charge-coupleddevices(CCDs),focalplanearrays(FPA)andothers•TheprogressinapplicationsisprovidedbyadvantagesofTEcoolers一theyaresolidstate,havenomovingpartsandareminiature,highlyreliableandflexibleindesigntomeetparticularrequirements.2WhatisThermoelectricCoo
4、ling?ThermoelectriccoolingusesthePeltiereffecttocreateaheatfluxbetweenthejunctionsoftwodifferenttypesofmaterials.APeltiercooler,heater,orthermoelectricheatpumpisasolid-stateactiveheatpumpwhichtransfersheatfromonesideofthedevicetotheothersideagainstthetemperaturegradient(f
5、romcoldtohot),withconsumptionofelectricalenergy.SuchaninstrumentisalsocalledaPeltierdevice,Peltierheatpump,solidstaterefrigerator,orthermoelectriccooler(TEC).ThePeltierdeviceisaheatpump:whendirectcurrentrunsthroughit,heatismovedfromonesidetotheother.Thereforeitcanbeusedei
6、therforheatingorforcooling(refrigeration),althoughinpracticethemainapplicationiscooling.Itcanalsobeusedasatemperaturecontrollerthateitherheatsorcools・Thistechnologyisfarlesscommonlyappliedtorefrigerationthanvapor-compressionrefrigerationis.ThemainadvantagesofaPeltiercoole
7、r(comparedtoavapor-compressionrefrigerator)areitslackofmovingpartsorcirculatingliquid,anditssmallsizeandflexibleshape(formfactor).Itsmaindisadvantageisthatitcannotsimultaneouslyhavelowcostandhighpowerefficiency.ManyresearchersandcompaniesaretryingtodevelopPeltiercoolersth
8、atarebothcheapandefficient.APeltiercooleristheoppositeofathermoelectricgenerator.InaPeltiercoole
