各种文化类型的特点归纳

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1、CharacteristicsofindividualisticcultureOthers’behaviourisexplainedbypersonaltraits.One’ssuccessiscontributedtohisownability.Selfisdefinedasindividualentity（特点，个体，存在）.Oneknowsmoreaboutselfthanothers.Achievementismadeforone’sownsake.Personalgoalsareovergroupgoals.Self-assurednessis

2、valued.Autonomyandindependenceisvalued.Dependenceonothersisavoided.Onebearscasualconnectionstomanygroups.Taskcompletionisimportant.Onehasfewobligationstoothers.Confrontationisacceptable.CharacteristicsofcollectivistcultureGroupsaremajorunitsofsocialperception.Others’behaviourisex

3、plainedbygroupnorms.Successisattributedtothehelpofthegroup.Selfisdefinedintermsofgroup.Oneknowsmoreaboutothersthanself.Achievementisforthebenefitofthegroup.Ingroup（小集团）goalisoverpersonalgoal.Modestyisvalued.Interdependenceisvalued.Ostracism（排斥）isfeared.Onehasstrongconnectionstoaf

4、ewgroups.Onehasmanyobligationstoothers.Harmonyisexpected.Relationsareimportant.CharacteristicsofmasculinecultureThereisahighoccupationalsegregationbygender.Genderinequalityiscommon.Careersformalesaremandatory（命令型的）.Fewwomenareinpowerfuljobs.Accomplishmentsarehighlyvalued.High-lev

5、elofjob-relatedstress.Peoplearehighlycompetitive.Peoplearetask-oriented.Theartofcombat（竞争，竞赛）isvalued.Thebigger,thebetter.Familyandworklifeareseparated.Onelivestowork.CharacteristicsoffemininecultureThereislittleoccupationalsegregationbygender.Thereisrelativegenderequality.Career

6、sformalesareoptional.Morewomenareinpowerfuljobs.Nurturingishighlyvalued.Thelevelofjob-relatedstressislow.Peoplearehighlycooperative.Peoplearerelationship-oriented.Theartofcompromiseisvalued.Thesmaller,themorebeautiful.Concernforfamilyissuesispresentinworkplace.Oneworkstolive.Char

7、acteristicsofcultureoflowuncertaintyavoidanceThereisastrongwillingnesstolivedaybyday.Thereislessemotionalresistancetochange.Peoplearemorerisk-taking.Thereisawillingnesstochangetheemployer.Onehopesforsuccess.Oneshowslittleloyaltytoone’semployer.Sometimesrulescanbebroken.Conflictis

8、naturalandtobeexpected.Initiativeofsubor